如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

这将生成范围(最小值-最大值)不重复的随机数列表。

generateRandomListNoDuplicate(1000, 8000, 500);

添加此方法。

private void generateRandomListNoDuplicate(int min, int max, int totalNoRequired) {
    Random rng = new Random();
    Set<Integer> generatedList = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    while (generatedList.size() < totalNoRequired) {
        Integer radnomInt = rng.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
        generatedList.add(radnomInt);
    }
}

希望这对你有所帮助。

其他回答

下面是一个简单的示例,它显示了如何从闭合的[min,max]范围生成随机数,而min<=max为真

您可以将其作为孔中字段类重用,也可以将所有Random.class方法放在一个位置

结果示例:

RandomUtils random = new RandomUtils();
random.nextInt(0, 0); // returns 0
random.nextInt(10, 10); // returns 10
random.nextInt(-10, 10); // returns numbers from -10 to 10 (-10, -9....9, 10)
random.nextInt(10, -10); // throws assert

来源:

import junit.framework.Assert;
import java.util.Random;

public class RandomUtils extends Random {

    /**
     * @param min generated value. Can't be > then max
     * @param max generated value
     * @return values in closed range [min, max].
     */
    public int nextInt(int min, int max) {
        Assert.assertFalse("min can't be > then max; values:[" + min + ", " + max + "]", min > max);
        if (min == max) {
            return max;
        }

        return nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
    }
}

我已经创建了一个方法来获取给定范围内的唯一整数。

/*
      * minNum is the minimum possible random number
      * maxNum is the maximum possible random number
      * numbersNeeded is the quantity of random number required
      * the give method provides you with unique random number between min & max range
*/
public static Set<Integer> getUniqueRandomNumbers( int minNum , int maxNum ,int numbersNeeded ){

    if(minNum >= maxNum)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxNum must be greater than minNum");

    if(! (numbersNeeded > (maxNum - minNum + 1) ))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("numberNeeded must be greater then difference b/w (max- min +1)");

    Random rng = new Random(); // Ideally just create one instance globally

    // Note: use LinkedHashSet to maintain insertion order
    Set<Integer> generated = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>();
    while (generated.size() < numbersNeeded)
    {
        Integer next = rng.nextInt((maxNum - minNum) + 1) + minNum;

        // As we're adding to a set, this will automatically do a containment check
        generated.add(next);
    }
    return generated;
}

Use:

minValue + rn.nextInt(maxValue - minValue + 1)

请原谅我过于挑剔,但大多数人建议的解决方案,即min+rng.nextInt(max-min+1),似乎很危险,因为:

rng.nextInt(n)无法达到整数.MAX_VALUE。当min为负值时,(max-min)可能会导致溢出。

万无一失的解决方案将为[Integer.min_VALUE,Integer.max_VALUE]内的任何min<=max返回正确的结果。请考虑以下简单的实现:

int nextIntInRange(int min, int max, Random rng) {
   if (min > max) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot draw random int from invalid range [" + min + ", " + max + "].");
   }
   int diff = max - min;
   if (diff >= 0 && diff != Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
      return (min + rng.nextInt(diff + 1));
   }
   int i;
   do {
      i = rng.nextInt();
   } while (i < min || i > max);
   return i;
}

尽管效率低下,但请注意while循环中成功的概率始终为50%或更高。

private static Random random = new Random();    

public static int getRandomInt(int min, int max){
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}

OR

public static int getRandomInt(Random random, int min, int max)
{
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}