如何在特定范围内生成随机int值？
以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误：
randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum = minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.
当前回答
我已经创建了一个方法来获取给定范围内的唯一整数。
/*
* minNum is the minimum possible random number
* maxNum is the maximum possible random number
* numbersNeeded is the quantity of random number required
* the give method provides you with unique random number between min & max range
*/
public static Set<Integer> getUniqueRandomNumbers( int minNum , int maxNum ,int numbersNeeded ){
if(minNum >= maxNum)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxNum must be greater than minNum");
if(! (numbersNeeded > (maxNum - minNum + 1) ))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("numberNeeded must be greater then difference b/w (max- min +1)");
Random rng = new Random(); // Ideally just create one instance globally
// Note: use LinkedHashSet to maintain insertion order
Set<Integer> generated = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>();
while (generated.size() < numbersNeeded)
{
Integer next = rng.nextInt((maxNum - minNum) + 1) + minNum;
// As we're adding to a set, this will automatically do a containment check
generated.add(next);
}
return generated;
}
其他回答
int func(int max, int min){
int range = max - min + 1;
// Math.random() function will return a random no between [0.0,1.0).
int res = (int) ( Math.random()*range)+min;
return res;
}
我正在考虑使用以下方法将生成的随机数线性归一化到所需范围。设x为随机数，设a和b为期望归一化数的最小和最大范围。
下面是一个非常简单的代码片段，用来测试线性映射产生的范围。
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 100;
int b = 1000;
int lowest = b;
int highest = a;
int count = 100000;
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
int nextNumber = (int) ((Math.abs(random.nextDouble()) * (b - a))) + a;
if (nextNumber < a || nextNumber > b) {
System.err.println("number not in range :" + nextNumber);
}
else {
System.out.println(nextNumber);
}
if (nextNumber < lowest) {
lowest = nextNumber;
}
if (nextNumber > highest) {
highest = nextNumber;
}
}
System.out.println("Produced " + count + " numbers from " + lowest
+ " to " + highest);
}
您可以使用以下方法来执行此操作：
int range = 10;
int min = 5
Random r = new Random();
int = r.nextInt(range) + min;
Random rng = new Random();
int min = 3;
int max = 11;
int upperBound = max - min + 1; // upper bound is exclusive, so +1
int num = min + rng.nextInt(upperBound);
System.out.println(num);
Java 17引入了RandomGenerator接口，它提供了一个int nextInt（int origin，int bound）方法来获取范围内的随机整数：
// Returns a random int between minimum (inclusive) & maximum (exclusive)
int randomInt = RandomGenerator.getDefault().nextInt(minimum, maximum);
除了用于Java17中添加的新的随机生成算法之外，该接口还添加到现有的随机生成类（random、SecureRandom、SplitableRandom和ThreadLocalRandom）中。因此，从Java 17开始，这些类具有以下有界nextInt方法：
new Random().nextInt(minimum, maximum);
new SecureRandom().nextInt(minimum, maximum);
new SplittableRandom().nextInt(minimum, maximum);
new ThreadLocalRandom().nextInt(minimum, maximum);
从Java17开始，这种方法是Random和SecureRandom的新方法。在Java17之前，ThreadLocalRandom和SplitableRandom已经有了这个方法，尽管它不是由共享接口指定的。
