如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?
以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:
randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum = minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.
我发现这个例子生成随机数:
此示例生成特定范围内的随机整数。
import java.util.Random;
/** Generate random integers in a certain range. */
public final class RandomRange {
public static final void main(String... aArgs){
log("Generating random integers in the range 1..10.");
int START = 1;
int END = 10;
Random random = new Random();
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 10; ++idx){
showRandomInteger(START, END, random);
}
log("Done.");
}
private static void showRandomInteger(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom){
if ( aStart > aEnd ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");
}
//get the range, casting to long to avoid overflow problems
long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;
// compute a fraction of the range, 0 <= frac < range
long fraction = (long)(range * aRandom.nextDouble());
int randomNumber = (int)(fraction + aStart);
log("Generated : " + randomNumber);
}
private static void log(String aMessage){
System.out.println(aMessage);
}
}
此类的示例运行:
Generating random integers in the range 1..10.
Generated : 9
Generated : 3
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 4
Generated : 1
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 10
Generated : 10
Done.
从Java7开始,您应该不再使用Random。对于大多数用途选择的随机数生成器现在ThreadLocalRandom。用于fork连接池和并行流,使用SplitableRandom。
乔舒亚·布洛赫。有效的Java。第三版。
从Java 8开始
对于fork-join池和并行流,请使用SplittableRandom,它通常更快,与Random相比具有更好的统计独立性和一致性财产。
要生成[0,1_000]范围内的随机整数:
int n = new SplittableRandom().nextInt(0, 1_001);
要生成[0,1_000]范围内的随机整数[100]数组,请执行以下操作:
int[] a = new SplittableRandom().ints(100, 0, 1_001).parallel().toArray();
要返回随机值流:
IntStream stream = new SplittableRandom().ints(100, 0, 1_001);