如何在特定范围内生成随机int值？
以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误：
randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum = minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.
当前回答
我发现这个例子生成随机数：
此示例生成特定范围内的随机整数。
import java.util.Random;
/** Generate random integers in a certain range. */
public final class RandomRange {
public static final void main(String... aArgs){
log("Generating random integers in the range 1..10.");
int START = 1;
int END = 10;
Random random = new Random();
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 10; ++idx){
showRandomInteger(START, END, random);
}
log("Done.");
}
private static void showRandomInteger(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom){
if ( aStart > aEnd ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");
}
//get the range, casting to long to avoid overflow problems
long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;
// compute a fraction of the range, 0 <= frac < range
long fraction = (long)(range * aRandom.nextDouble());
int randomNumber = (int)(fraction + aStart);
log("Generated : " + randomNumber);
}
private static void log(String aMessage){
System.out.println(aMessage);
}
}
此类的示例运行：
Generating random integers in the range 1..10.
Generated : 9
Generated : 3
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 4
Generated : 1
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 10
Generated : 10
Done.
其他回答
Java中的Math.Random类是基于0的。所以，如果你这样写：
Random rand = new Random();
int x = rand.nextInt(10);
x将介于0-9之间（含0-9）。
因此，给定以下25项的数组，生成0（数组的基数）和array.length之间的随机数的代码为：
String[] i = new String[25];
Random rand = new Random();
int index = 0;
index = rand.nextInt( i.length );
由于i.length将返回25，因此nextInt（i.length）将返回0-24之间的数字。另一个选项是Math.Random，其工作方式相同。
index = (int) Math.floor(Math.random() * i.length);
为了更好地理解，请查看论坛帖子Random Intervals（archive.org）。
我发现这个例子生成随机数：
此示例生成特定范围内的随机整数。
import java.util.Random;
/** Generate random integers in a certain range. */
public final class RandomRange {
public static final void main(String... aArgs){
log("Generating random integers in the range 1..10.");
int START = 1;
int END = 10;
Random random = new Random();
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 10; ++idx){
showRandomInteger(START, END, random);
}
log("Done.");
}
private static void showRandomInteger(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom){
if ( aStart > aEnd ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");
}
//get the range, casting to long to avoid overflow problems
long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;
// compute a fraction of the range, 0 <= frac < range
long fraction = (long)(range * aRandom.nextDouble());
int randomNumber = (int)(fraction + aStart);
log("Generated : " + randomNumber);
}
private static void log(String aMessage){
System.out.println(aMessage);
}
}
此类的示例运行：
Generating random integers in the range 1..10.
Generated : 9
Generated : 3
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 4
Generated : 1
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 10
Generated : 10
Done.
我认为这段代码会奏效。请尝试一下：
import java.util.Random;
public final class RandomNumber {
public static final void main(String... aArgs) {
log("Generating 10 random integers in range 1..10.");
int START = 1;
int END = 10;
Random randomGenerator = new Random();
for (int idx=1; idx<=10; ++idx) {
// int randomInt=randomGenerator.nextInt(100);
// log("Generated : " + randomInt);
showRandomInteger(START,END,randomGenerator);
}
log("Done");
}
private static void log(String aMessage) {
System.out.println(aMessage);
}
private static void showRandomInteger(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom) {
if (aStart > aEnd) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");
}
long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;
long fraction = (long) (range * aRandom.nextDouble());
int randomNumber = (int) (fraction + aStart);
log("Generated" + randomNumber);
}
}
只需使用Random类：
Random ran = new Random();
// Assumes max and min are non-negative.
int randomInt = min + ran.nextInt(max - min + 1);
请原谅我过于挑剔，但大多数人建议的解决方案，即min+rng.nextInt（max-min+1），似乎很危险，因为：
rng.nextInt（n）无法达到整数.MAX_VALUE。当min为负值时，（max-min）可能会导致溢出。
万无一失的解决方案将为[Integer.min_VALUE，Integer.max_VALUE]内的任何min<=max返回正确的结果。请考虑以下简单的实现：
int nextIntInRange(int min, int max, Random rng) {
if (min > max) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot draw random int from invalid range [" + min + ", " + max + "].");
}
int diff = max - min;
if (diff >= 0 && diff != Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
return (min + rng.nextInt(diff + 1));
}
int i;
do {
i = rng.nextInt();
} while (i < min || i > max);
return i;
}
尽管效率低下，但请注意while循环中成功的概率始终为50%或更高。
