用户界面不像一层薄薄的油漆，是事后才可以涂上去的。它需要从一开始就存在，并基于真正的研究。当然，有大量可用性研究可用。它不仅需要在一开始就存在，它还需要构成你制作软件的核心原因:世界上存在一些差距，一些问题，它需要变得更可用和更有效。

软件不是为了它自己而存在的。软件存在的原因是为了人们。这绝对是荒谬的，甚至试图提出一个新的软件的想法，而不理解为什么人们会需要它。然而，这种情况一直在发生。

在编写每一行代码之前，您应该先检查界面的纸质版本，并在真人身上进行测试。这有点奇怪和愚蠢，它最适合孩子们，有人扮演“电脑”。

界面需要利用我们自然的认知能力。穴居人会怎么使用你的程序?例如，我们已经进化到非常擅长追踪移动的物体。这就是为什么使用物理模拟的界面，比如iphone，比即时发生变化的界面效果更好。

We are good at certain kinds of abstraction, but not others. As programmers, we're trained to do mental gymnastics and backflips to understand some of the weirdest abstractions. For instance, we understand that a sequence of arcane text can represent and be translated into a pattern of electromagnetic state on a metal platter, which when encountered by a carefully designed device, leads to a sequence of invisible events that occur at lightspeed on an electronic circuit, and these events can be directed to produce a useful outcome. This is an incredibly unnatural thing to have to understand. Understand that while it's got a perfectly rational explanation to us, to the outside world, it looks like we're writing incomprehensible incantations to summon invisible sentient spirits to do our bidding.

普通人能理解的抽象概念包括地图、图表和符号。小心符号，因为符号是一种非常脆弱的人类概念，需要有意识的精神努力来解码，直到学会符号。

The trick with symbols is that there has to be a clear relationship between the symbol, and the thing it represents. The thing it represents either has to be a noun, in which case the symbol should look VERY MUCH like the thing it represents. If a symbol is representing a more abstract concept, that has to be explained IN ADVANCE. See the inscrutable unlabled icons in msword's, or photoshop's toolbar, and the abstract concepts they represent. It has to be LEARNED that the crop tool icon in photoshop means CROP TOOL. it has to be understood what CROP even means. These are prerequisites to correctly using that software. Which brings up an important point, beware of ASSUMED knowledge.

我们大约在4岁左右才能获得理解地图的能力。我记得我曾经在什么地方读到过，黑猩猩在六七岁左右获得了理解地图的能力。

The reason that guis have been so successful to begin with, is that they changed a landscape of mostly textual interfaces to computers, to something that mapped the computer concepts to something that resembled a physical place. Where guis fail in terms of usability, is where they stop resembling something you'd see in real life. There are invisible, unpredictable, incomprehensible things that happen in a computer that bare no resemblance to anything you'd ever see in the physical world. Some of this is necessary, since there'd be no point in just making a reality simulator- The idea is to save work, so there has to be a bit of magic. But that magic has to make sense, and be grounded in an abstraction that human beings are well adapted to understanding. It's when our abstractions start getting deep, and layered, and mismatched with the task at hand that things break down. In other words, the interface doesn't function as a good map for the underlying software.

有很多书。我读过的两本，因此可以推荐给你，一本是唐纳德·诺曼的《日常事物的设计》，另一本是杰夫·拉斯金的《人机界面》。

I also reccomend a course in psychology. "The Design of Every day Things" talks about this a bit. A lot of interfaces break down because of a developer's "folk understanding" of psychology. This is similar to "folk physics". An object in motion stays in motion doesn't make any sense to most people. "You have to keep pushing it to keep it in motion!" thinks the physics novice. User testing doesn't make sense to most developers. "You can just ask the users what they want, and that should be good enough!" thinks the psychology novice.

我推荐菲利普·津巴多主持的PBS系列纪录片《发现心理学》。如果做不到，那就找一本好的物理教科书。贵的那种。不是你在Borders书店里找到的低级小说自助废话，而是你只能在大学图书馆里找到的厚精装书。这是一个必要的基础。没有它，你也可以做出好的设计，但你只能凭直觉理解正在发生的事情。读一些好书会给你一个好的视角。

程序员通常不擅长UI设计。有些设计师专门从事可用性和UI设计，当涉及到开发商业软件/网站/娱乐等时，他们应该受到尊重。

大多数程序员所面临的问题是，他们无法超越自己的鼻子，意识到什么能让事情更容易理解和消化。

最好的UI设计原则之一是始终将界面设计为简单且易于目标用户访问。

一个简单的例子就是电梯。一般来说，你按下按钮来打开/关闭门，以及穿越建筑物的楼层。你能想象如果你有旋钮和开关，你必须从一楼到二楼吗?如果你必须向后滑动一个面板来访问三个按键开关，你必须以特定的顺序转动三个彩色按键才能到达特定的楼层，那会怎么样呢?

你很快就会发现一个糟糕的界面是多么的困难，而一个好的界面是多么的简单和可用。

用户体验设计和软件开发绝不是相互排斥的技能。相反，它们都需要常识和逻辑，注重细节，能够看到大局。所以，如果你是一名优秀的开发人员，你就有机会成为一名优秀的UX设计师!

它们看起来可能是相互排斥的，因为许多开发人员没有UX设计经验，反之亦然。此外，如果你在考虑用户体验设计之前就开始考虑架构、框架或语言，这可能会把你引向错误的方向。

为什么UI设计对某些开发者来说如此困难?

这有点像问为什么篮球对足球运动员来说很难。

因为这是一套不同的技能。成为网页设计师所需要的技能与成为程序员所需要的技能是不一样的。是的，很少有技能可能是重叠的，比如HTML, CSS, Javascript，但本质上程序员不知道是什么让一个网页设计成为一个好的网页设计，反之亦然。

RWendi

我认为这是因为一个好的UI是不符合逻辑的。好的UI是直观的。

软件开发人员通常在“直观”方面表现不佳