UI设计和软件开发需要大脑的两个半球。这并不是说设计师在开发方面很糟糕，反之亦然，只是他们试图用错误的大脑来做。任何严肃的人都不会反对。

在进行UI设计时，以下是我始终牢记的一些事情(到目前为止还不是一个完整的列表):

Communicating a model. The UI is a narrative that explains a mental model to the user. This model may be a business object, a set of relationships, what have you. The visual prominence, spatial placement, and workflow ordering all play a part in communicating this model to the user. For example, a certain kind of list vs another implies different things, as well as the relationship of what's in the list to the rest of the model. In general I find it best to make sure only one model is communicated at a time. Programmers frequently try to communicate more than one model, or parts of several, in the same UI space. Consistency. Re-using popular UI metaphors helps a lot. Internal consistency is also very important. Grouping of tasks. Users should not have to move the mouse all the way across the screen to verify or complete a related sequence of commands. Modal dialogs and flyout-menus can be especially bad in this area. Knowing your audience. If your users will be doing the same activities over and over, they will quickly become power users at those tasks and be frustrated by attempts to lower the initial entry barrier. If your users do many different kinds of activities infrequently, it's best to ensure the UI holds their hand the whole time.

要改进，只要看看现有的网站。除了已经推荐的书，你可能还想看看罗宾·威廉姆斯的好书《非设计师设计书》(亚马逊链接)。

通过看看禅宗花园提交的各种作品，看看视觉设计中有什么可能。

UI设计绝对是一门艺术，就像C语言中的指针一样，有些人懂，有些人不懂。

但至少我们可以对他们的尝试笑一笑。顺便说一句，感谢OK/Cancel的搞笑漫画，感谢Joel把它放在你的书“最好的软件写作I”(经过亚马逊链接的清理)中。

部分原因在于，UI设计比看起来要难得多，就像编程比设计师看起来要难得多一样。这两个人对完全不同的事情的担忧程度大不相同，而这一点，除了所需的方法和技能明显不同之外，导致他们关注彼此看不见的问题。

I've found that it helps to describe my app and how to use it to someone without any visual tools whatsoever. It helps focus on what is actually necessary and important and feeds back what can be comprehended quickly by another person. I can do this even before I have a line of code, so it's very cheap to do and doesn't require any artistic skills. The other advantage is that verbalizing the app gets parts of my brain working that otherwise would remain dormant while coding and I can start to "see" the app work (or not work) as I talk.

让我直接说:

改善这一点并不是从指导方针开始的。首先要重新定义对软件的看法。

大多数硬核开发人员对他们软件的用户几乎没有同情心。他们不知道用户如何思考，用户如何建立他们使用的软件模型，以及他们通常如何使用计算机。

当专家和外行发生冲突时，这是一个典型的问题:一个正常人怎么会如此愚蠢，不明白专家10年前的理解?

首先要承认的一个事实是，几乎所有有经验的开发者都难以掌握:

正常人对软件的概念和你有很大的不同。他们完全不懂编程。一个也没有。零。他们根本不在乎。他们甚至不认为他们需要关心。如果你强迫他们，他们会删除你的程序。

这对开发者来说是难以置信的残酷。他为自己生产的软件感到自豪。他喜欢每一个特征。他可以告诉你它背后的代码是如何工作的。也许他甚至发明了一种令人难以置信的聪明算法，使它比以前快了50%。

用户并不关心。

真是个白痴。

许多开发人员无法忍受与普通用户一起工作。他们因为缺乏技术知识而感到沮丧。这就是为什么大多数开发人员回避，认为用户一定是白痴。

事实并非如此。

如果一个软件开发人员买了一辆车，他希望它能平稳运行。他通常不关心轮胎压力，机械微调是重要的，使它运行那样。在这方面他不是专家。如果他买了一辆没有微调功能的车，他就会把它退回去，再买一辆他想要的。

Many software developers like movies. Well-done movies that spark their imagination. But they are not experts in producing movies, in producing visual effects or in writing good movie scripts. Most nerds are very, very, very bad at acting because it is all about displaying complex emotions and little about analytics. If a developer watches a bad film, he just notices that it is bad as a whole. Nerds have even built up IMDB to collect information about good and bad movies so they know which ones to watch and which to avoid. But they are not experts in creating movies. If a movie is bad, they'll not go to the movies (or not download it from BitTorrent ;)

所以归结起来就是:把普通用户当成专家来回避是一种无知。因为在那些他们不是专家的领域(有这么多)，他们希望其他领域的专家已经考虑过使用他们产品或服务的普通人。

What can you do to remedy it? The more hardcore you are as a programmer, the less open you will be to normal user thinking. It will be alien and clueless to you. You will think: I can't imagine how people could ever use a computer with this lack of knowledge. But they can. For every UI element, think about: Is it necessary? Does it fit to the concept a user has of my tool? How can I make him understand? Please read up on usability for this, there are many good books. It's a whole area of science, too.

啊，在你说出来之前，是的，我是苹果粉;)

没有人建议过，但对你有很大帮助的是参加人因工程学课程(通常是研究生水平)。如果你不想选这门课，至少去找课本读一遍。