通常，通过将通常传递给递归函数的参数推入堆栈，我将递归算法替换为迭代算法。事实上，您正在用自己的程序堆栈替换程序堆栈。

var stack = [];
stack.push(firstObject);

// while not empty
while (stack.length) {

    // Pop off end of stack.
    obj = stack.pop();

    // Do stuff.
    // Push other objects on the stack as needed.
    ...

}

注意:如果你在里面有多个递归调用，并且你想要保留调用的顺序，你必须以相反的顺序将它们添加到堆栈:

foo(first);
foo(second);

必须由

stack.push(second);
stack.push(first);

编辑:文章堆栈和递归消除(或文章备份链接)详细介绍了这个主题。

在谷歌中搜索“延续传递样式”。有一个转换为尾部递归样式的一般过程;还有一个将尾部递归函数转换为循环的通用过程。

This is an old question but I want to add a different aspect as a solution. I'm currently working on a project in which I used the flood fill algorithm using C#. Normally, I implemented this algorithm with recursion at first, but obviously, it caused a stack overflow. After that, I changed the method from recursion to iteration. Yes, It worked and I was no longer getting the stack overflow error. But this time, since I applied the flood fill method to very large structures, the program was going into an infinite loop. For this reason, it occurred to me that the function may have re-entered the places it had already visited. As a definitive solution to this, I decided to use a dictionary for visited points. If that node(x,y) has already been added to the stack structure for the first time, that node(x,y) will be saved in the dictionary as the key. Even if the same node is tried to be added again later, it won't be added to the stack structure because the node is already in the dictionary. Let's see on pseudo-code:

startNode = pos(x,y)

Stack stack = new Stack();

Dictionary visited<pos, bool> = new Dictionary();

stack.Push(startNode);

while(stack.count != 0){
    currentNode = stack.Pop();
    if "check currentNode if not available"
        continue;
    if "check if already handled"
        continue;
    else if "run if it must be wanted thing should be handled"      
        // make something with pos currentNode.X and currentNode.X  
        
        // then add its neighbor nodes to the stack to iterate
        // but at first check if it has already been visited.
        
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x-1,y)))
            visited[pos(x-1,y)] = true;
            stack.Push(pos(x-1,y));
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x+1,y)))
            ...
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x,y+1)))
            ...
        if(!visited.Contains(pos(x,y-1)))
            ...
}

有一种将递归遍历转换为迭代器的通用方法，即使用连接多个迭代器提供者的惰性迭代器(返回迭代器的lambda表达式)。请参阅我的将递归遍历转换为迭代器。

堆栈和递归消除文章抓住了将堆栈框架外部化到堆上的思想，但没有提供直接和可重复的转换方法。下面是一个。

在转换为迭代代码时，必须意识到递归调用可能发生在任意深度的代码块中。它不仅是参数，而且是返回到仍然要执行的逻辑的点，以及参与后续条件的变量的状态，这很重要。下面是一种转换为迭代代码的非常简单的方法。

考虑下面的递归代码:

struct tnode
{
    tnode(int n) : data(n), left(0), right(0) {}
    tnode *left, *right;
    int data;
};

void insertnode_recur(tnode *node, int num)
{
    if(node->data <= num)
    {
        if(node->right == NULL)
            node->right = new tnode(num);
        else
            insertnode(node->right, num);
    }
    else
    {
        if(node->left == NULL)
            node->left = new tnode(num);
        else
            insertnode(node->left, num);
    }    
}

迭代代码:

// Identify the stack variables that need to be preserved across stack 
// invocations, that is, across iterations and wrap them in an object
struct stackitem 
{ 
    stackitem(tnode *t, int n) : node(t), num(n), ra(0) {}
    tnode *node; int num;
    int ra; //to point of return
};

void insertnode_iter(tnode *node, int num) 
{
    vector<stackitem> v;
    //pushing a stackitem is equivalent to making a recursive call.
    v.push_back(stackitem(node, num));

    while(v.size()) 
    {
        // taking a modifiable reference to the stack item makes prepending 
        // 'si.' to auto variables in recursive logic suffice
        // e.g., instead of num, replace with si.num.
        stackitem &si = v.back(); 
        switch(si.ra)
        {
        // this jump simulates resuming execution after return from recursive 
        // call 
            case 1: goto ra1;
            case 2: goto ra2;
            default: break;
        } 

        if(si.node->data <= si.num)
        {
            if(si.node->right == NULL)
                si.node->right = new tnode(si.num);
            else
            {
                // replace a recursive call with below statements
                // (a) save return point, 
                // (b) push stack item with new stackitem, 
                // (c) continue statement to make loop pick up and start 
                //    processing new stack item, 
                // (d) a return point label
                // (e) optional semi-colon, if resume point is an end 
                // of a block.

                si.ra=1;
                v.push_back(stackitem(si.node->right, si.num));
                continue; 
ra1:            ;         
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(si.node->left == NULL)
                si.node->left = new tnode(si.num);
            else
            {
                si.ra=2;                
                v.push_back(stackitem(si.node->left, si.num));
                continue;
ra2:            ;
            }
        }

        v.pop_back();
    }
}

请注意，代码的结构仍然保持忠于递归逻辑，并且修改是最小的，从而减少了错误的数量。为了便于比较，我用++和——标记了更改。除了v.push_back之外，大多数新插入的块对于任何转换的迭代逻辑都是通用的

void insertnode_iter(tnode *node, int num) 
{

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

    vector<stackitem> v;
    v.push_back(stackitem(node, num));

    while(v.size())
    {
        stackitem &si = v.back(); 
        switch(si.ra)
        {
            case 1: goto ra1;
            case 2: goto ra2;
            default: break;
        } 

------------------------

        if(si.node->data <= si.num)
        {
            if(si.node->right == NULL)
                si.node->right = new tnode(si.num);
            else
            {

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

                si.ra=1;
                v.push_back(stackitem(si.node->right, si.num));
                continue; 
ra1:            ;    

-------------------------

            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(si.node->left == NULL)
                si.node->left = new tnode(si.num);
            else
            {

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

                si.ra=2;                
                v.push_back(stackitem(si.node->left, si.num));
                continue;
ra2:            ;

-------------------------

            }
        }

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

        v.pop_back();
    }

-------------------------

}

努力使你的递归调用尾部递归(递归的最后一个语句是递归调用)。一旦你有了它，将它转换为迭代通常是相当容易的。