我认为这是一个相当模糊的问题;只是因为这个话题涉及的深度。然而，编译器可以被分解成两个独立的部分;上半身和下半身。上半部分通常采用源语言并将其转换为中间表示，下半部分负责特定于平台的代码生成。

尽管如此，解决这个问题的一个简单方法(至少是我们在编译器类中使用的方法)是在上面描述的两部分中构建编译器。具体来说，通过构建上半部分，您将对整个过程有一个很好的了解。

Just doing the top half lets you get the experience of writing the lexical analyzer and the parser and go to generating some "code" (that intermediate representation I mentioned). So it will take your source program and convert it to another representation and do some optimization (if you want), which is the heart of a compiler. The bottom half will then take that intermediate representation and generate the bytes needed to run the program on a specific architecture. For example, the the bottom half will take your intermediate representation and generate a PE executable.

关于这个主题的一些书，我发现特别有用的是编译器原理和技术(或者龙书，因为封面上有可爱的龙)。它有一些很棒的理论，而且肯定以一种非常容易理解的方式涵盖了上下文无关语法。此外，为了构建词法分析器和解析器，您可能会使用*nix工具lex和yacc。而且很无趣的是，这本名为《莱科斯和雅克》的书继承了《龙之书》这部分的内容。

Python附带了一个用Python编写的Python编译器。您可以看到源代码，它包括从解析、抽象语法树、发出代码等所有阶段。 破解它。

Donald Knuth的《计算机编程的艺术》最初是作为编译器编写的教程而写的，这让我很惊讶。

当然，Knuth博士对主题深入研究的倾向导致编译器写作教程被扩展到大约9卷，其中只有3卷真正出版了。这是一个关于编程主题的相当完整的阐述，涵盖了关于编写编译器需要了解的所有细节。

Not included in the list so far is this book: Basics of Compiler Design (Torben Mogensen) (from the dept. of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen) I'm also interested in learning about compilers and plan to enter that industry in the next couple of years. This book is the ideal theory book to begin learning compilers as far as I can see. It's FREE to copy and reproduce, cleanly and carefully written and gives it to you in plain English without any code but still presents the mechanics by way of instructions and diagrams etc. Worth a look imo.

I think Modern Compiler Implementation in ML is the best introductory compiler writing text. There's a Java version and a C version too, either of which might be more accessible given your languages background. The book packs a lot of useful basic material (scanning and parsing, semantic analysis, activation records, instruction selection, RISC and x86 native code generation) and various "advanced" topics (compiling OO and functional languages, polymorphism, garbage collection, optimization and single static assignment form) into relatively little space (~500 pages).

我更喜欢《现代编译器实现》而不是《Dragon》，因为《现代编译器实现》对该领域的调查较少——相反，它确实涵盖了编写一个严肃、体面的编译器所需的所有主题。在你读完这本书之后，如果你需要的话，你就可以直接深入研究论文了。

I must confess I have a serious soft spot for Niklaus Wirth's Compiler Construction. It is available online as a PDF. I find Wirth's programming aesthetic simply beautiful, however some people find his style too minimal (for example Wirth favors recursive descent parsers, but most CS courses focus on parser generator tools; Wirth's language designs are fairly conservative.) Compiler Construction is a very succinct distillation of Wirth's basic ideas, so whether you like his style or not or not, I highly recommend reading this book.

如果您愿意使用LLVM，请查看这个:http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/。它教你如何使用LLVM的框架从头编写编译器，并且不假设你有任何关于这个主题的知识。

本教程建议您编写自己的解析器和lexer等，但我建议您了解bison和flex后再进行研究。它们让生活变得轻松多了。