Windows需要安装你想要使用的UI语言。如果没有，它没有办法神奇地知道翻译后的信息是什么。

在安装了pt-PT的en-US windows 7 ultimate中，以下代码:

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("pt-PT");
string msg1 = new DirectoryNotFoundException().Message;

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");
string msg2 = new FileNotFoundException().Message;

Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("fr-FR");
string msg3 = new FileNotFoundException().Message;

生成pt-PT, en-US和en-US格式的消息。由于没有安装法语文化文件，它默认为windows默认(已安装?)语言。

我知道这是一个古老的话题，但我认为我的解决方案可能与任何在网络搜索中偶然发现它的人非常相关:

在异常记录器中，您可以记录ex.GetType。ToString，它将保存异常类的名称。我希望类的名称应该是独立于语言的，因此总是用英语表示(例如。“system . filenotfoundexception”)，尽管目前我还没有一个外语系统来测试这个想法。

如果您真的想要错误消息文本，您可以创建一个字典，其中包含所有可能的异常类名称及其等效消息，无论您喜欢哪种语言，但对于英语，我认为类名已经足够了。

这个问题可以部分解决。框架异常代码根据当前线程区域设置从其资源加载错误消息。在某些异常的情况下，这将在访问Message属性时发生。

对于这些例外情况，您可以通过在记录消息的同时将线程语言环境简单地切换为en-US来获得消息的完整的美国英语版本(预先保存原始用户语言环境，然后立即恢复它)。

在一个单独的线程上执行这个操作会更好:这样可以确保不会有任何副作用。例如:

try
{
  System.IO.StreamReader sr=new System.IO.StreamReader(@"c:\does-not-exist");
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
  Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); //Will display localized message
  ExceptionLogger el = new ExceptionLogger(ex);
  System.Threading.Thread t = new System.Threading.Thread(el.DoLog);
  t.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
  t.Start();
}

其中ExceptionLogger类看起来像这样:

class ExceptionLogger
{
  Exception _ex;

  public ExceptionLogger(Exception ex)
  {
    _ex = ex;
  }

  public void DoLog()
  {
    Console.WriteLine(_ex.ToString()); //Will display en-US message
  }
}

然而，正如Joe在对该回复的早期修订的评论中正确指出的那样，在抛出异常时，一些消息已经(部分)从语言资源加载了。

例如，这适用于抛出ArgumentNullException("foo")异常时生成的消息中的'parameter cannot be null'部分。在这些情况下，即使在使用上述代码时，消息仍将出现(部分)本地化。

除了使用一些不切实际的技巧，比如在一个带有en-US语言环境的线程上运行所有的非ui代码之外，似乎没有什么可以做的:. net Framework异常代码没有覆盖错误消息语言环境的工具。

使用扩展方法覆盖捕获块中的异常消息，检查抛出的消息是否来自代码，如下所述。

    public static string GetEnglishMessageAndStackTrace(this Exception ex)
    {
        CultureInfo currentCulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture;
        try
        {

            dynamic exceptionInstanceLocal = System.Activator.CreateInstance(ex.GetType());
            string str;
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo("en-US");

            if (ex.Message == exceptionInstanceLocal.Message)
            {
                dynamic exceptionInstanceENG = System.Activator.CreateInstance(ex.GetType());

                str = exceptionInstanceENG.ToString() + ex.StackTrace;

            }
            else
            {
                str = ex.ToString();
            }
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = currentCulture;

            return str;

        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = currentCulture;

            return ex.ToString();
        }

基于Undercover1989答案，但考虑参数以及当消息由多个资源字符串组成时(如参数异常)。

public static string TranslateExceptionMessage(Exception exception, CultureInfo targetCulture)
{
    Assembly a = exception.GetType().Assembly;
    ResourceManager rm = new ResourceManager(a.GetName().Name, a);
    ResourceSet rsOriginal = rm.GetResourceSet(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture, true, true);
    ResourceSet rsTranslated = rm.GetResourceSet(targetCulture, true, true);

    var result = exception.Message;

    foreach (DictionaryEntry item in rsOriginal)
    {
        if (!(item.Value is string message))
            continue;

        string translated = rsTranslated.GetString(item.Key.ToString(), false);

        if (!message.Contains("{"))
        {
            result = result.Replace(message, translated);
        }
        else
        {
            var pattern = $"{Regex.Escape(message)}";
            pattern = Regex.Replace(pattern, @"\\{([0-9]+)\}", "(?<group$1>.*)");

            var regex = new Regex(pattern);

            var replacePattern = translated;
            replacePattern = Regex.Replace(replacePattern, @"{([0-9]+)}", @"${group$1}");
            replacePattern = replacePattern.Replace("\\$", "$");

            result = regex.Replace(result, replacePattern);
        }
    }

    return result;
}

我也遇到过同样的情况，我在这里和其他地方找到的所有答案都没有帮助或不令人满意:

强制异常语言为英文 c# -当应用程序在另一种语言时，获得英语异常消息? 调试时如何将Visual Studio异常消息语言更改为英文 如何处理异常消息的翻译? 如何完全避免本地化的.NET异常消息

线程。CurrentUICulture改变了。net异常的语言，但是Win32Exception没有改变，Win32Exception使用Windows UI本身语言中的Windows资源。因此，我从来没有设法用英语而不是德语打印Win32Exception的消息，甚至没有使用中所描述的FormatMessage() 如何获得Win32Exception的英文?

因此，我创建了自己的解决方案，它将不同语言的大多数现有异常消息存储在外部文件中。您将不会用您想要的语言得到非常精确的消息，但是您将得到该语言的消息，这比您目前得到的消息(可能是用一种您不理解的语言得到的消息)要好得多。

该类的静态函数可以在使用不同语言的Windows安装上执行: CreateMessages()创建特定于区域性的文本 SaveMessagesToXML()将它们保存到创建或加载语言时的尽可能多的XML文件中 LoadMessagesFromXML()用特定于语言的消息加载所有XML文件

在使用不同语言的不同Windows安装上创建XML文件时，您很快就会拥有所需的所有语言。 也许当你安装了多个MUI语言包时，你可以在1个Windows上为不同的语言创建文本，但我还没有测试过。

使用VS2008测试，可以使用了。欢迎评论和建议!

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading;
using System.Xml;

public struct CException
{
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public CException(Exception i_oException)
  {
    m_oException = i_oException;
    m_oCultureInfo = null;
    m_sMessage = null;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public CException(Exception i_oException, string i_sCulture)
  {
    m_oException = i_oException;
    try
    { m_oCultureInfo = new CultureInfo(i_sCulture); }
    catch
    { m_oCultureInfo = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; }
    m_sMessage = null;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public CException(Exception i_oException, CultureInfo i_oCultureInfo)
  {
    m_oException = i_oException;
    m_oCultureInfo = i_oCultureInfo == null ? CultureInfo.InvariantCulture : i_oCultureInfo;
    m_sMessage = null;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // GetMessage
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public string GetMessage() { return GetMessage(m_oException, m_oCultureInfo); }

  public string GetMessage(String i_sCulture) { return GetMessage(m_oException, i_sCulture); }

  public string GetMessage(CultureInfo i_oCultureInfo) { return GetMessage(m_oException, i_oCultureInfo); }

  public static string GetMessage(Exception i_oException) { return GetMessage(i_oException, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); }

  public static string GetMessage(Exception i_oException, string i_sCulture)
  {
    CultureInfo oCultureInfo = null;
    try
    { oCultureInfo = new CultureInfo(i_sCulture); }
    catch
    { oCultureInfo = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; }
    return GetMessage(i_oException, oCultureInfo);
  }

  public static string GetMessage(Exception i_oException, CultureInfo i_oCultureInfo)
  {
    if (i_oException == null) return null;
    if (i_oCultureInfo == null) i_oCultureInfo = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

    if (ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages == null) return null;
    if (!ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages.ContainsKey(i_oCultureInfo))
      return CreateMessage(i_oException, i_oCultureInfo);

    Dictionary<string, string> dictExceptionMessage = ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages[i_oCultureInfo];
    string sExceptionName = i_oException.GetType().FullName;
    sExceptionName = MakeXMLCompliant(sExceptionName);
    Win32Exception oWin32Exception = (Win32Exception)i_oException;
    if (oWin32Exception != null)
      sExceptionName += "_" + oWin32Exception.NativeErrorCode;
    if (dictExceptionMessage.ContainsKey(sExceptionName))
      return dictExceptionMessage[sExceptionName];
    else
      return CreateMessage(i_oException, i_oCultureInfo);
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CreateMessages
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public static void CreateMessages(CultureInfo i_oCultureInfo)
  {
    Thread oTH = new Thread(new ThreadStart(CreateMessagesInThread));
    if (i_oCultureInfo != null)
    {
      oTH.CurrentCulture = i_oCultureInfo;
      oTH.CurrentUICulture = i_oCultureInfo;
    }
    oTH.Start();
    while (oTH.IsAlive)
    { Thread.Sleep(10); }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // LoadMessagesFromXML
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public static void LoadMessagesFromXML(string i_sPath, string i_sBaseFilename)
  {
    if (i_sBaseFilename == null) i_sBaseFilename = msc_sBaseFilename;

    string[] asFiles = null;
    try
    {
      asFiles = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(i_sPath, i_sBaseFilename + "_*.xml");
    }
    catch { return; }

    ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages.Clear();
    for (int ixFile = 0; ixFile < asFiles.Length; ixFile++)
    {
      string sXmlPathFilename = asFiles[ixFile];

      XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
      try
      {
        xmldoc.Load(sXmlPathFilename);
        XmlNode xmlnodeRoot = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/" + msc_sXmlGroup_Root);

        string sCulture = xmlnodeRoot.SelectSingleNode(msc_sXmlGroup_Info + "/" + msc_sXmlData_Culture).Value;
        CultureInfo oCultureInfo = new CultureInfo(sCulture);

        XmlNode xmlnodeMessages = xmlnodeRoot.SelectSingleNode(msc_sXmlGroup_Messages);
        XmlNodeList xmlnodelistMessage = xmlnodeMessages.ChildNodes;
        Dictionary<string, string> dictExceptionMessage = new Dictionary<string, string>(xmlnodelistMessage.Count + 10);
        for (int ixNode = 0; ixNode < xmlnodelistMessage.Count; ixNode++)
          dictExceptionMessage.Add(xmlnodelistMessage[ixNode].Name, xmlnodelistMessage[ixNode].InnerText);
        ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages.Add(oCultureInfo, dictExceptionMessage);
      }
      catch
      { return; }
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // SaveMessagesToXML
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  public static void SaveMessagesToXML(string i_sPath, string i_sBaseFilename)
  {
    if (i_sBaseFilename == null) i_sBaseFilename = msc_sBaseFilename;

    foreach (KeyValuePair<CultureInfo, Dictionary<string, string>> kvpCultureExceptionMessages in ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages)
    {
      string sXmlPathFilename = i_sPath + i_sBaseFilename + "_" + kvpCultureExceptionMessages.Key.TwoLetterISOLanguageName + ".xml";
      Dictionary<string, string> dictExceptionMessage = kvpCultureExceptionMessages.Value;

      XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
      XmlWriter xmlwriter = null;
      XmlWriterSettings writerSettings = new XmlWriterSettings();
      writerSettings.Indent = true;

      try
      {
        XmlNode xmlnodeRoot = xmldoc.CreateElement(msc_sXmlGroup_Root);
        xmldoc.AppendChild(xmlnodeRoot);
        XmlNode xmlnodeInfo = xmldoc.CreateElement(msc_sXmlGroup_Info);
        XmlNode xmlnodeMessages = xmldoc.CreateElement(msc_sXmlGroup_Messages);
        xmlnodeRoot.AppendChild(xmlnodeInfo);
        xmlnodeRoot.AppendChild(xmlnodeMessages);

        XmlNode xmlnodeCulture = xmldoc.CreateElement(msc_sXmlData_Culture);
        xmlnodeCulture.InnerText = kvpCultureExceptionMessages.Key.Name;
        xmlnodeInfo.AppendChild(xmlnodeCulture);

        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> kvpExceptionMessage in dictExceptionMessage)
        {
          XmlNode xmlnodeMsg = xmldoc.CreateElement(kvpExceptionMessage.Key);
          xmlnodeMsg.InnerText = kvpExceptionMessage.Value;
          xmlnodeMessages.AppendChild(xmlnodeMsg);
        }

        xmlwriter = XmlWriter.Create(sXmlPathFilename, writerSettings);
        xmldoc.WriteTo(xmlwriter);
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      { return; }
      finally
      { if (xmlwriter != null) xmlwriter.Close(); }
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CreateMessagesInThread
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static void CreateMessagesInThread()
  {
    Thread.CurrentThread.Name = "CException.CreateMessagesInThread";

    Dictionary<string, string> dictExceptionMessage = new Dictionary<string, string>(0x1000);

    GetExceptionMessages(dictExceptionMessage);
    GetExceptionMessagesWin32(dictExceptionMessage);

    ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages.Add(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture, dictExceptionMessage);
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // GetExceptionTypes
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static List<Type> GetExceptionTypes()
  {
    Assembly[] aoAssembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();

    List<Type> listoExceptionType = new List<Type>();

    Type oExceptionType = typeof(Exception);
    for (int ixAssm = 0; ixAssm < aoAssembly.Length; ixAssm++)
    {
      if (!aoAssembly[ixAssm].GlobalAssemblyCache) continue;
      Type[] aoType = aoAssembly[ixAssm].GetTypes();
      for (int ixType = 0; ixType < aoType.Length; ixType++)
      {
        if (aoType[ixType].IsSubclassOf(oExceptionType))
          listoExceptionType.Add(aoType[ixType]);
      }
    }

    return listoExceptionType;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // GetExceptionMessages
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static void GetExceptionMessages(Dictionary<string, string> i_dictExceptionMessage)
  {
    List<Type> listoExceptionType = GetExceptionTypes();
    for (int ixException = 0; ixException < listoExceptionType.Count; ixException++)
    {
      Type oExceptionType = listoExceptionType[ixException];
      string sExceptionName = MakeXMLCompliant(oExceptionType.FullName);
      try
      {
        if (i_dictExceptionMessage.ContainsKey(sExceptionName))
          continue;
        Exception e = (Exception)(Activator.CreateInstance(oExceptionType));
        i_dictExceptionMessage.Add(sExceptionName, e.Message);
      }
      catch (Exception)
      { i_dictExceptionMessage.Add(sExceptionName, null); }
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // GetExceptionMessagesWin32
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static void GetExceptionMessagesWin32(Dictionary<string, string> i_dictExceptionMessage)
  {
    string sTypeName = MakeXMLCompliant(typeof(Win32Exception).FullName) + "_";
    for (int iError = 0; iError < 0x4000; iError++)  // Win32 errors may range from 0 to 0xFFFF
    {
      Exception e = new Win32Exception(iError);
      if (!e.Message.StartsWith("Unknown error (", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        i_dictExceptionMessage.Add(sTypeName + iError, e.Message);
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CreateMessage
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static string CreateMessage(Exception i_oException, CultureInfo i_oCultureInfo)
  {
    CException oEx = new CException(i_oException, i_oCultureInfo);
    Thread oTH = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(CreateMessageInThread));
    oTH.Start(oEx);
    while (oTH.IsAlive)
    { Thread.Sleep(10); }
    return oEx.m_sMessage;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // CreateMessageInThread
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static void CreateMessageInThread(Object i_oData)
  {
    if (i_oData == null) return;
    CException oEx = (CException)i_oData;
    if (oEx.m_oException == null) return;

    Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = oEx.m_oCultureInfo == null ? CultureInfo.InvariantCulture : oEx.m_oCultureInfo;
    // create new exception in desired culture
    Exception e = null;
    Win32Exception oWin32Exception = (Win32Exception)(oEx.m_oException);
    if (oWin32Exception != null)
      e = new Win32Exception(oWin32Exception.NativeErrorCode);
    else
    {
      try
      {
        e = (Exception)(Activator.CreateInstance(oEx.m_oException.GetType()));
      }
      catch { }
    }
    if (e != null)
      oEx.m_sMessage = e.Message;
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // MakeXMLCompliant
  // from https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static string MakeXMLCompliant(string i_sName)
  {
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(i_sName))
      return "_";

    System.Text.StringBuilder oSB = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
    for (int ixChar = 0; ixChar < (i_sName == null ? 0 : i_sName.Length); ixChar++)
    {
      char character = i_sName[ixChar];
      if (IsXmlNodeNameCharacterValid(ixChar, character))
        oSB.Append(character);
    }
    if (oSB.Length <= 0)
      oSB.Append("_");
    return oSB.ToString();
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  private static bool IsXmlNodeNameCharacterValid(int i_ixPos, char i_character)
  {
    if (i_character == ':') return true;
    if (i_character == '_') return true;
    if (i_character >= 'A' && i_character <= 'Z') return true;
    if (i_character >= 'a' && i_character <= 'z') return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x00C0 && i_character <= 0x00D6) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x00D8 && i_character <= 0x00F6) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x00F8 && i_character <= 0x02FF) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x0370 && i_character <= 0x037D) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x037F && i_character <= 0x1FFF) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x200C && i_character <= 0x200D) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x2070 && i_character <= 0x218F) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x2C00 && i_character <= 0x2FEF) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0x3001 && i_character <= 0xD7FF) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0xF900 && i_character <= 0xFDCF) return true;
    if (i_character >= 0xFDF0 && i_character <= 0xFFFD) return true;
    // if (i_character >= 0x10000 && i_character <= 0xEFFFF) return true;

    if (i_ixPos > 0)
    {
      if (i_character == '-') return true;
      if (i_character == '.') return true;
      if (i_character >= '0' && i_character <= '9') return true;
      if (i_character == 0xB7) return true;
      if (i_character >= 0x0300 && i_character <= 0x036F) return true;
      if (i_character >= 0x203F && i_character <= 0x2040) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  private static string msc_sBaseFilename = "exception_messages";
  private static string msc_sXmlGroup_Root = "exception_messages";
  private static string msc_sXmlGroup_Info = "info";
  private static string msc_sXmlGroup_Messages = "messages";
  private static string msc_sXmlData_Culture = "culture";

  private Exception m_oException;
  private CultureInfo m_oCultureInfo;
  private string m_sMessage;

  static Dictionary<CultureInfo, Dictionary<string, string>> ms_dictCultureExceptionMessages = new Dictionary<CultureInfo, Dictionary<string, string>>();
}

internal class Program
{
  public static void Main()
  {
    CException.CreateMessages(null);
    CException.SaveMessagesToXML(@"d:\temp\", "emsg");
    CException.LoadMessagesFromXML(@"d:\temp\", "emsg");
  }
}