Swift 3 & 4 & 5

我遇到了一些关于小写和大写的问题

所以我写了这个代码

let sortedImages = images.sorted(by: { $0.fileID.lowercased() < $1.fileID.lowercased() })

然后使用sortedImages

几乎每个人都给出了如何直接，让我来展示一下演变:

你可以使用Array的实例方法:

// general form of closure
images.sortInPlace({ (image1: imageFile, image2: imageFile) -> Bool in return image1.fileID > image2.fileID })

// types of closure's parameters and return value can be inferred by Swift, so they are omitted along with the return arrow (->)
images.sortInPlace({ image1, image2 in return image1.fileID > image2.fileID })

// Single-expression closures can implicitly return the result of their single expression by omitting the "return" keyword
images.sortInPlace({ image1, image2 in image1.fileID > image2.fileID })

// closure's argument list along with "in" keyword can be omitted, $0, $1, $2, and so on are used to refer the closure's first, second, third arguments and so on
images.sortInPlace({ $0.fileID > $1.fileID })

// the simplification of the closure is the same
images = images.sort({ (image1: imageFile, image2: imageFile) -> Bool in return image1.fileID > image2.fileID })
images = images.sort({ image1, image2 in return image1.fileID > image2.fileID })
images = images.sort({ image1, image2 in image1.fileID > image2.fileID })
images = images.sort({ $0.fileID > $1.fileID })

关于排序的工作原理的详细解释，请参见排序函数。

如果数组元素符合Comparable，那么你可以简单地使用函数语法:

array.sort(by: <)

如果你是基于自定义类型排序，你所需要做的就是实现<运算符:

class ImageFile {
    let fileName: String
    let fileID: Int
    let fileSize: Int
    static func < (left: ImageFile, right: ImageFile) -> Bool {
        return left.fileID < right.fileID
    }
}

但是，有时您不需要一种标准的比较imagefile的方法。也许在某些上下文中，您希望基于fileID对图像进行排序，而在其他地方，您希望基于fileSize对图像进行排序。对于动态比较，您有两个选项。

(by: sorted)

images = images.sorted(by: { a, b in
    // Return true if `a` belongs before `b` in the sorted array
    if a.fileID < b.fileID { return true }
    if a.fileID > b.fileID { return false }
    // Break ties by comparing file sizes
    return a.fileSize > b.fileSize
})

你可以使用尾随闭包来简化语法:

images.sorted { ... }

但是手动输入if语句会导致代码很长(如果我们想通过基于文件名排序来打破文件大小的束缚，我们将会有一个相当长的if厄运链)。我们可以通过使用全新的SortComparator协议(macOS 12+， iOS 15+)来避免这种语法:

排序(使用:)

files = files.sorted(using: [
    KeyPathComparator(\.fileID, order: .forward),
    KeyPathComparator(\.fileSize, order: .reverse),
])

这段代码根据文件ID()对文件进行排序。Forward表示升序)，并根据文件大小(。反向意味着下降)。\。fileID语法是我们指定关键路径的方式。您可以根据需要扩展比较器列表。

在Swift 5中，Array有两个方法，分别是sorted()和sorted(by:)。第一个方法sorted()有如下声明:

返回排序后的集合元素。

func sorted() -> [Element]

第二个方法，排序(通过:)，有如下声明:

返回集合的元素，使用给定的谓词作为元素之间的比较进行排序。

func sorted(by areInIncreasingOrder: (Element, Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element]

# 1。对可比较的对象进行升序排序

如果集合中的元素类型符合Comparable协议，则可以使用sorted()以升序对元素进行排序。下面的Playground代码展示了如何使用sorted():

class ImageFile: CustomStringConvertible, Comparable {

    let fileName: String
    let fileID: Int
    var description: String { return "ImageFile with ID: \(fileID)" }

    init(fileName: String, fileID: Int) {
        self.fileName = fileName
        self.fileID = fileID
    }

    static func ==(lhs: ImageFile, rhs: ImageFile) -> Bool {
        return lhs.fileID == rhs.fileID
    }

    static func <(lhs: ImageFile, rhs: ImageFile) -> Bool {
        return lhs.fileID < rhs.fileID
    }

}

let images = [
    ImageFile(fileName: "Car", fileID: 300),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Boat", fileID: 100),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Plane", fileID: 200)
]

let sortedImages = images.sorted()
print(sortedImages)

/*
 prints: [ImageFile with ID: 100, ImageFile with ID: 200, ImageFile with ID: 300]
 */

# 2。对可比较的对象按降序排序

如果集合中的元素类型符合Comparable协议，则必须使用sorted(by:)以降序对元素进行排序。

class ImageFile: CustomStringConvertible, Comparable {

    let fileName: String
    let fileID: Int
    var description: String { return "ImageFile with ID: \(fileID)" }

    init(fileName: String, fileID: Int) {
        self.fileName = fileName
        self.fileID = fileID
    }

    static func ==(lhs: ImageFile, rhs: ImageFile) -> Bool {
        return lhs.fileID == rhs.fileID
    }

    static func <(lhs: ImageFile, rhs: ImageFile) -> Bool {
        return lhs.fileID < rhs.fileID
    }

}

let images = [
    ImageFile(fileName: "Car", fileID: 300),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Boat", fileID: 100),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Plane", fileID: 200)
]

let sortedImages = images.sorted(by: { (img0: ImageFile, img1: ImageFile) -> Bool in
    return img0 > img1
})
//let sortedImages = images.sorted(by: >) // also works
//let sortedImages = images.sorted { $0 > $1 } // also works
print(sortedImages)

/*
 prints: [ImageFile with ID: 300, ImageFile with ID: 200, ImageFile with ID: 100]
 */

# 3。对不可比较的对象按升序或降序排序

如果集合中的元素类型不符合Comparable协议，则必须使用sorted(by:)以升序或降序对元素进行排序。

class ImageFile: CustomStringConvertible {

    let fileName: String
    let fileID: Int
    var description: String { return "ImageFile with ID: \(fileID)" }

    init(fileName: String, fileID: Int) {
        self.fileName = fileName
        self.fileID = fileID
    }

}

let images = [
    ImageFile(fileName: "Car", fileID: 300),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Boat", fileID: 100),
    ImageFile(fileName: "Plane", fileID: 200)
]

let sortedImages = images.sorted(by: { (img0: ImageFile, img1: ImageFile) -> Bool in
    return img0.fileID < img1.fileID
})
//let sortedImages = images.sorted { $0.fileID < $1.fileID } // also works
print(sortedImages)

/*
 prints: [ImageFile with ID: 300, ImageFile with ID: 200, ImageFile with ID: 100]
 */

注意，Swift还提供了两个方法sort()和sort(by:)作为sorted()和sorted(by:)的对应，如果你需要对你的集合进行就地排序。

我是这样做的，而且很管用:

var图像=[图像文件]() 图片社。* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

如果你要在多个地方对这个数组排序，让你的数组类型Comparable是有意义的。

class MyImageType: Comparable, Printable {
    var fileID: Int

    // For Printable
    var description: String {
        get {
            return "ID: \(fileID)"
        }
    }

    init(fileID: Int) {
        self.fileID = fileID
    }
}

// For Comparable
func <(left: MyImageType, right: MyImageType) -> Bool {
    return left.fileID < right.fileID
}

// For Comparable
func ==(left: MyImageType, right: MyImageType) -> Bool {
    return left.fileID == right.fileID
}

let one = MyImageType(fileID: 1)
let two = MyImageType(fileID: 2)
let twoA = MyImageType(fileID: 2)
let three = MyImageType(fileID: 3)

let a1 = [one, three, two]

// return a sorted array
println(sorted(a1)) // "[ID: 1, ID: 2, ID: 3]"

var a2 = [two, one, twoA, three]

// sort the array 'in place'
sort(&a2)
println(a2) // "[ID: 1, ID: 2, ID: 2, ID: 3]"