#If the xml is in the form of a string as shown below then
from lxml  import etree, objectify
'''sample xml as a string with a name space {http://xmlns.abc.com}'''
message =b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">\r\n\t<pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>\r\n'  # this is a sample xml which is a string


print('************message coversion and parsing starts*************')

message=message.decode('utf-8') 
message=message.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n','') #replace is used to remove unwanted strings from the 'message'
message=message.replace('pa:Process>\r\n','pa:Process>')
print (message)

print ('******Parsing starts*************')
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True) #the name space is removed here
root = etree.fromstring(message, parser) #parsing of xml happens here
print ('******Parsing completed************')


dict={}
for child in root: # parsed xml is iterated using a for loop and values are stored in a dictionary
    print(child.tag,child.text)
    print('****Derving from xml tree*****')
    if child.tag =="{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag":
        dict["FIRST_TAG"]=child.text
        print(dict)


### output
'''************message coversion and parsing starts*************
<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">

    <pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>
******Parsing starts*************
******Parsing completed************
{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag SAMPLE
****Derving from xml tree*****
{'FIRST_TAG': 'SAMPLE'}'''

为了简单起见，我建议使用xmltodict。

它将XML解析为OrderedDict;

>>> e = '<foo>
             <bar>
                 <type foobar="1"/>
                 <type foobar="2"/>
             </bar>
        </foo> '

>>> import xmltodict
>>> result = xmltodict.parse(e)
>>> result

OrderedDict([(u'foo', OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))]))])

>>> result['foo']

OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))])

>>> result['foo']['bar']

OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])])

XML:

<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>

Python代码:

import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("foo.xml")
root = tree.getroot() 
root_tag = root.tag
print(root_tag) 

for form in root.findall("./bar/type"):
    x=(form.attrib)
    z=list(x)
    for i in z:
        print(x[i])

输出:

foo
1
2

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
data = '''<foo>
           <bar>
               <type foobar="1"/>
               <type foobar="2"/>
          </bar>
       </foo>'''
tree = ET.fromstring(data)
lst = tree.findall('bar/type')
for item in lst:
    print item.get('foobar')

这将打印foobar属性的值。

为了增加另一种可能性，可以使用untangle，因为它是一个简单的xml-to-python-object库。这里有一个例子:

安装:

pip install untangle

用法:

你的XML文件(有一点变化):

<foo>
   <bar name="bar_name">
      <type foobar="1"/>
   </bar>
</foo>

使用untangle访问属性:

import untangle

obj = untangle.parse('/path_to_xml_file/file.xml')

print obj.foo.bar['name']
print obj.foo.bar.type['foobar']

输出将是:

bar_name
1

更多关于untangle的信息可以在“untangle”中找到。

此外，如果您感兴趣，可以在“Python和XML”中找到使用XML和Python的工具列表。您还将看到前面的答案中提到的最常见的问题。

lxml。物化真的很简单。

以示例文本为例:

from lxml import objectify
from collections import defaultdict

count = defaultdict(int)

root = objectify.fromstring(text)

for item in root.bar.type:
    count[item.attrib.get("foobar")] += 1

print dict(count)

输出:

{'1': 1, '2': 1}