你可以使用BeautifulSoup:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

x="""<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>"""

y=BeautifulSoup(x)
>>> y.foo.bar.type["foobar"]
u'1'

>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")
[<type foobar="1"></type>, <type foobar="2"></type>]

>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[0]["foobar"]
u'1'
>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[1]["foobar"]
u'2'

我推荐ElementTree。同样的API还有其他兼容的实现，比如lxml和Python标准库中的cElementTree;但是，在这种情况下，他们主要增加的是更快的速度——编程的容易程度取决于ElementTree定义的API。

首先从XML中构建一个Element实例根，例如使用XML函数，或者通过解析文件，例如:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
root = ET.parse('thefile.xml').getroot()

或者在ElementTree中显示的许多其他方法中的任何一种。然后这样做:

for type_tag in root.findall('bar/type'):
    value = type_tag.get('foobar')
    print(value)

输出:

1
2

Minidom是最快速且非常直接的方法。

XML:

<data>
    <items>
        <item name="item1"></item>
        <item name="item2"></item>
        <item name="item3"></item>
        <item name="item4"></item>
    </items>
</data>

Python:

from xml.dom import minidom

dom = minidom.parse('items.xml')
elements = dom.getElementsByTagName('item')

print(f"There are {len(elements)} items:")

for element in elements:
    print(element.attributes['name'].value)

输出:

There are 4 items:
item1
item2
item3
item4

如果您不想使用任何外部库或第三方工具，请尝试下面的代码。

这将把xml解析成python字典 这也将解析xml属性 这也将解析空标签，如<tag/>和只有属性的标签，如<tag var=val/>

Code

import re

def getdict(content):
    res=re.findall("<(?P<var>\S*)(?P<attr>[^/>]*)(?:(?:>(?P<val>.*?)</(?P=var)>)|(?:/>))",content)
    if len(res)>=1:
        attreg="(?P<avr>\S+?)(?:(?:=(?P<quote>['\"])(?P<avl>.*?)(?P=quote))|(?:=(?P<avl1>.*?)(?:\s|$))|(?P<avl2>[\s]+)|$)"
        if len(res)>1:
            return [{i[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,i[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(i[2])}]} for i in res]
        else:
            return {res[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,res[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(res[2])}]}
    else:
        return content

with open("test.xml","r") as f:
    print(getdict(f.read().replace('\n','')))

样例输入

<details class="4b" count=1 boy>
    <name type="firstname">John</name>
    <age>13</age>
    <hobby>Coin collection</hobby>
    <hobby>Stamp collection</hobby>
    <address>
        <country>USA</country>
        <state>CA</state>
    </address>
</details>
<details empty="True"/>
<details/>
<details class="4a" count=2 girl>
    <name type="firstname">Samantha</name>
    <age>13</age>
    <hobby>Fishing</hobby>
    <hobby>Chess</hobby>
    <address current="no">
        <country>Australia</country>
        <state>NSW</state>
    </address>
</details>

输出(美化)

[
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "class": "4b"
          },
          {
            "count": "1"
          },
          {
            "boy": ""
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": [
          {
            "name": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "type": "firstname"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": "John"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "age": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "13"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Coin collection"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Stamp collection"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "address": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": [
                  {
                    "country": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "USA"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "state": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "CA"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "empty": "True"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": []
      },
      {
        "$values": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "class": "4a"
          },
          {
            "count": "2"
          },
          {
            "girl": ""
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": [
          {
            "name": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "type": "firstname"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": "Samantha"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "age": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "13"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Fishing"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Chess"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "address": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "current": "no"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": [
                  {
                    "country": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "Australia"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "state": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "NSW"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
]

如果你使用python-benedict，就不需要使用lib特定的API。只需从XML初始化一个新实例并轻松管理它，因为它是dict子类。

安装很简单:pip install python-benedict

from benedict import benedict as bdict

# data-source can be an url, a filepath or data-string (as in this example)
data_source = """
<foo>
   <bar>
      <type foobar="1"/>
      <type foobar="2"/>
   </bar>
</foo>"""

data = bdict.from_xml(data_source)
t_list = data['foo.bar'] # yes, keypath supported
for t in t_list:
   print(t['@foobar'])

它支持并规范化多种格式的I/O操作:Base64, CSV, JSON, TOML, XML, YAML和查询字符串。

它在GitHub上经过了很好的测试和开源。披露:我是作者。

#If the xml is in the form of a string as shown below then
from lxml  import etree, objectify
'''sample xml as a string with a name space {http://xmlns.abc.com}'''
message =b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">\r\n\t<pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>\r\n'  # this is a sample xml which is a string


print('************message coversion and parsing starts*************')

message=message.decode('utf-8') 
message=message.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n','') #replace is used to remove unwanted strings from the 'message'
message=message.replace('pa:Process>\r\n','pa:Process>')
print (message)

print ('******Parsing starts*************')
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True) #the name space is removed here
root = etree.fromstring(message, parser) #parsing of xml happens here
print ('******Parsing completed************')


dict={}
for child in root: # parsed xml is iterated using a for loop and values are stored in a dictionary
    print(child.tag,child.text)
    print('****Derving from xml tree*****')
    if child.tag =="{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag":
        dict["FIRST_TAG"]=child.text
        print(dict)


### output
'''************message coversion and parsing starts*************
<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">

    <pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>
******Parsing starts*************
******Parsing completed************
{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag SAMPLE
****Derving from xml tree*****
{'FIRST_TAG': 'SAMPLE'}'''