我在XML中有很多行，我试图获得一个特定节点属性的实例。
<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo>
我如何访问属性foobar的值?在这个例子中，我想要“1”和“2”。
当前回答
这里有一个使用cElementTree的非常简单但有效的代码。
try:
import cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
try:
# Python 2.5 need to import a different module
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
exit_err("Failed to import cElementTree from any known place")
def find_in_tree(tree, node):
found = tree.find(node)
if found == None:
print "No %s in file" % node
found = []
return found
# Parse a xml file (specify the path)
def_file = "xml_file_name.xml"
try:
dom = ET.parse(open(def_file, "r"))
root = dom.getroot()
except:
exit_err("Unable to open and parse input definition file: " + def_file)
# Parse to find the child nodes list of node 'myNode'
fwdefs = find_in_tree(root,"myNode")
这是来自“python xml解析”。
其他回答
为了简单起见，我建议使用xmltodict。
它将XML解析为OrderedDict;
>>> e = '<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo> '
>>> import xmltodict
>>> result = xmltodict.parse(e)
>>> result
OrderedDict([(u'foo', OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))]))])
>>> result['foo']
OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))])
>>> result['foo']['bar']
OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])])
simplified_scrapy:一个新的库，我使用后就爱上了它。我向你推荐。
from simplified_scrapy import SimplifiedDoc
xml = '''
<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo>
'''
doc = SimplifiedDoc(xml)
types = doc.selects('bar>type')
print (len(types)) # 2
print (types.foobar) # ['1', '2']
print (doc.selects('bar>type>foobar()')) # ['1', '2']
这里有更多的例子。这个库很容易使用。
这里有一个使用cElementTree的非常简单但有效的代码。
try:
import cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
try:
# Python 2.5 need to import a different module
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
exit_err("Failed to import cElementTree from any known place")
def find_in_tree(tree, node):
found = tree.find(node)
if found == None:
print "No %s in file" % node
found = []
return found
# Parse a xml file (specify the path)
def_file = "xml_file_name.xml"
try:
dom = ET.parse(open(def_file, "r"))
root = dom.getroot()
except:
exit_err("Unable to open and parse input definition file: " + def_file)
# Parse to find the child nodes list of node 'myNode'
fwdefs = find_in_tree(root,"myNode")
这是来自“python xml解析”。
如果您不想使用任何外部库或第三方工具，请尝试下面的代码。
这将把xml解析成python字典 这也将解析xml属性 这也将解析空标签，如<tag/>和只有属性的标签，如<tag var=val/>
Code
import re
def getdict(content):
res=re.findall("<(?P<var>\S*)(?P<attr>[^/>]*)(?:(?:>(?P<val>.*?)</(?P=var)>)|(?:/>))",content)
if len(res)>=1:
attreg="(?P<avr>\S+?)(?:(?:=(?P<quote>['\"])(?P<avl>.*?)(?P=quote))|(?:=(?P<avl1>.*?)(?:\s|$))|(?P<avl2>[\s]+)|$)"
if len(res)>1:
return [{i[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,i[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(i[2])}]} for i in res]
else:
return {res[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,res[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(res[2])}]}
else:
return content
with open("test.xml","r") as f:
print(getdict(f.read().replace('\n','')))
样例输入
<details class="4b" count=1 boy>
<name type="firstname">John</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Coin collection</hobby>
<hobby>Stamp collection</hobby>
<address>
<country>USA</country>
<state>CA</state>
</address>
</details>
<details empty="True"/>
<details/>
<details class="4a" count=2 girl>
<name type="firstname">Samantha</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Fishing</hobby>
<hobby>Chess</hobby>
<address current="no">
<country>Australia</country>
<state>NSW</state>
</address>
</details>
输出(美化)
[
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4b"
},
{
"count": "1"
},
{
"boy": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "John"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Coin collection"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Stamp collection"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "USA"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "CA"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"empty": "True"
}
]
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4a"
},
{
"count": "2"
},
{
"girl": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "Samantha"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Fishing"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Chess"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"current": "no"
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Australia"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "NSW"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
有很多选择。如果速度和内存使用是一个问题，cElementTree看起来很棒。与简单地使用readline读取文件相比，它的开销非常小。
相关指标可以在下表中找到，复制自cElementTree网站:
library time space
xml.dom.minidom (Python 2.1) 6.3 s 80000K
gnosis.objectify 2.0 s 22000k
xml.dom.minidom (Python 2.4) 1.4 s 53000k
ElementTree 1.2 1.6 s 14500k
ElementTree 1.2.4/1.3 1.1 s 14500k
cDomlette (C extension) 0.540 s 20500k
PyRXPU (C extension) 0.175 s 10850k
libxml2 (C extension) 0.098 s 16000k
readlines (read as utf-8) 0.093 s 8850k
cElementTree (C extension) --> 0.047 s 4900K <--
readlines (read as ascii) 0.032 s 5050k
正如@jfs所指出的，cElementTree是与Python捆绑在一起的:
Python 2:来自xml。etree导入cElementTree作为ElementTree。 Python 3:从xml。导入ElementTree(自动使用加速的C版本)。
推荐文章
- 证书验证失败:无法获得本地颁发者证书
- 当使用pip3安装包时，“Python中的ssl模块不可用”
- 无法切换Python与pyenv
- Python if not == vs if !=
- 如何从scikit-learn决策树中提取决策规则?
- 为什么在Mac OS X v10.9 (Mavericks)的终端中apt-get功能不起作用?
- 将旋转的xtick标签与各自的xtick对齐
- 为什么元组可以包含可变项?
- 如何合并字典的字典?
- 如何创建类属性?
- 不区分大小写的“in”
- 在Python中获取迭代器中的元素个数
- 解析日期字符串并更改格式
- 使用try和。Python中的if
- 如何在Python中获得所有直接子目录
