这里有一个使用cElementTree的非常简单但有效的代码。

try:
    import cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
  try:
    # Python 2.5 need to import a different module
    import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
  except ImportError:
    exit_err("Failed to import cElementTree from any known place")      

def find_in_tree(tree, node):
    found = tree.find(node)
    if found == None:
        print "No %s in file" % node
        found = []
    return found  

# Parse a xml file (specify the path)
def_file = "xml_file_name.xml"
try:
    dom = ET.parse(open(def_file, "r"))
    root = dom.getroot()
except:
    exit_err("Unable to open and parse input definition file: " + def_file)

# Parse to find the child nodes list of node 'myNode'
fwdefs = find_in_tree(root,"myNode")

这是来自“python xml解析”。

为了简单起见，我建议使用xmltodict。

它将XML解析为OrderedDict;

>>> e = '<foo>
             <bar>
                 <type foobar="1"/>
                 <type foobar="2"/>
             </bar>
        </foo> '

>>> import xmltodict
>>> result = xmltodict.parse(e)
>>> result

OrderedDict([(u'foo', OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))]))])

>>> result['foo']

OrderedDict([(u'bar', OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])]))])

>>> result['foo']['bar']

OrderedDict([(u'type', [OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'1')]), OrderedDict([(u'@foobar', u'2')])])])

#If the xml is in the form of a string as shown below then
from lxml  import etree, objectify
'''sample xml as a string with a name space {http://xmlns.abc.com}'''
message =b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">\r\n\t<pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>\r\n'  # this is a sample xml which is a string


print('************message coversion and parsing starts*************')

message=message.decode('utf-8') 
message=message.replace('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n','') #replace is used to remove unwanted strings from the 'message'
message=message.replace('pa:Process>\r\n','pa:Process>')
print (message)

print ('******Parsing starts*************')
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True) #the name space is removed here
root = etree.fromstring(message, parser) #parsing of xml happens here
print ('******Parsing completed************')


dict={}
for child in root: # parsed xml is iterated using a for loop and values are stored in a dictionary
    print(child.tag,child.text)
    print('****Derving from xml tree*****')
    if child.tag =="{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag":
        dict["FIRST_TAG"]=child.text
        print(dict)


### output
'''************message coversion and parsing starts*************
<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://xmlns.abc.com">

    <pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag></pa:Process>
******Parsing starts*************
******Parsing completed************
{http://xmlns.abc.com}firsttag SAMPLE
****Derving from xml tree*****
{'FIRST_TAG': 'SAMPLE'}'''

如果源文件是一个xml文件，就像这个示例一样

<pa:Process xmlns:pa="http://sssss">
        <pa:firsttag>SAMPLE</pa:firsttag>
    </pa:Process>

您可以尝试下面的代码

from lxml import etree, objectify
metadata = 'C:\\Users\\PROCS.xml' # this is sample xml file the contents are shown above
parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True) # this line removes the  name space from the xml in this sample the name space is --> http://sssss
tree = etree.parse(metadata, parser) # this line parses the xml file which is PROCS.xml
root = tree.getroot() # we get the root of xml which is process and iterate using a for loop
for elem in root.getiterator():
    if not hasattr(elem.tag, 'find'): continue  # (1)
    i = elem.tag.find('}')
    if i >= 0:
        elem.tag = elem.tag[i+1:]

dict={}  # a python dictionary is declared
for elem in tree.iter(): #iterating through the xml tree using a for loop
    if elem.tag =="firsttag": # if the tag name matches the name that is equated then the text in the tag is stored into the dictionary
        dict["FIRST_TAG"]=str(elem.text)
        print(dict)

输出将是

{'FIRST_TAG': 'SAMPLE'}

xml.etree.ElementTree vs. lxml

下面是两个最常用的库的一些优点，在进行选择之前，我应该了解它们。

xml.etree.ElementTree:

来自标准库:不需要安装任何模块

lxml

轻松编写XML声明:例如，您是否需要添加standalone="no"? 漂亮的打印:无需额外代码就可以得到漂亮的缩进XML。 Objectify功能:它允许您像处理普通的Python对象hierarchy.node一样使用XML。 sourceline允许您轻松地获取正在使用的XML元素的行。 您还可以使用内置的XSD模式检查器。

Minidom是最快速且非常直接的方法。

XML:

<data>
    <items>
        <item name="item1"></item>
        <item name="item2"></item>
        <item name="item3"></item>
        <item name="item4"></item>
    </items>
</data>

Python:

from xml.dom import minidom

dom = minidom.parse('items.xml')
elements = dom.getElementsByTagName('item')

print(f"There are {len(elements)} items:")

for element in elements:
    print(element.attributes['name'].value)

输出:

There are 4 items:
item1
item2
item3
item4