I don't know if I just have some kind of blind spot or what, but I've read the OAuth 2 spec many times over and perused the mailing list archives, and I have yet to find a good explanation of why the Implicit Grant flow for obtaining access tokens has been developed. Compared to the Authorization Code Grant, it seems to just give up on client authentication for no very compelling reason. How is this "optimized for clients implemented in a browser using a scripting language" (to quote the specification)?

这两个流程的起点是相同的(来源:https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-22):

客户端通过将资源所有者的用户代理定向到授权端点来启动流。 授权服务器对资源所有者进行身份验证(通过用户代理),并确定资源所有者是否授予或拒绝客户端的访问请求。 假设资源所有者授予访问权限,授权服务器使用前面提供的重定向URI(在请求中或在客户端注册期间)将用户代理重定向回客户端。

重定向URI包括一个授权代码(授权代码流) 重定向URI在URI片段中包含访问令牌(隐式流)

这里是流分裂的地方。在这两种情况下,此时重定向URI指向客户端托管的某个端点:

In the Authorization code flow, when the user agent hits that endpoint with the Authorization code in the URI, code at that endpoint exchanges the authorization code along with its client credentials for an access token which it can then use as needed. It could, for example, write it into a web page that a script on the page could access. The Implicit flow skips this client authentication step altogether and just loads up a web page with client script. There's a cute trick here with the URL fragment that keeps the access token from being passed around too much, but the end result is essentially the same: the client-hosted site serves up a page with some script in it that can grab the access token.

因此我的问题是:跳过客户端身份验证步骤可以获得什么?


当前回答

我不确定我是否正确理解了答案和丹的评论。在我看来,这个答案已经陈述了一些正确的事实,但它确实指出了OP所问的问题。如果我理解正确的话,隐式授权流的主要优势是像JS应用程序这样的客户端(例如Chrome扩展)不需要暴露客户端秘密。

丹·塔夫林说:

...在授权代码流中,资源所有者永远不需要看到访问令牌,而在javascript客户端中,这是不可避免的。客户端秘密仍然可以从javascript客户端使用授权代码流,然而..

也许我误解了您的意思,但是客户端(在本例中是JS应用程序)必须在授权代码流中将客户端凭证(客户端密钥和秘密)传递给资源服务器,对吗?客户端机密不能“对JS保密”。

其他回答

我刚刚看到一些关于OAuth 2.0的文章。作者指出隐式流背后的原因是JS应用程序在那里的请求非常有限:

如果您想知道为什么隐式类型包含在OAuth 2.0中,那么 解释很简单:同源策略。那时,正面 应用程序不允许向不同的主机发送请求 使用代码获取访问令牌。今天我们有CORS (Cross-Origin) 资源共享)。

https://medium.com/securing/what-is-going-on-with-oauth-2-0-and-why-you-should-not-use-it-for-authentication-5f47597b2611

我想Will Cain回答了这个问题,他说:“出于同样的原因,客户凭证没有任何好处。(任何客户端都可以尝试使用这个流程。)”还要考虑隐式流的redirect_uri可能是“localhost”——没有从授权服务器对隐式流进行回调。由于无法预先信任客户端,用户必须批准用户声明的发布。

除了其他答案,还必须认识到,隐式配置文件只允许一个前端通道流,而不是需要回调授权服务器的授权代码流;这在OpenID Connect(一种建立在Auth 2.0之上的SSO协议)中非常明显,其中隐式流类似于非常流行的SAML POST绑定,而授权代码流类似于不太广泛部署的SAML Artifact绑定

https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6749#page-8

Implicit The implicit grant is a simplified authorization code flow optimized for clients implemented in a browser using a scripting language such as JavaScript. In the implicit flow, instead of issuing the client an authorization code, the client is issued an access token directly (as the result of the resource owner authorization). The grant type is implicit, as no intermediate credentials (such as an authorization code) are issued (and later used to obtain an access token). When issuing an access token during the implicit grant flow, the authorization server does not authenticate the client. In some cases, the client identity can be verified via the redirection URI used to deliver the access token to the client. The access token may be exposed to the resource owner or other applications with access to the resource owner's user-agent. Implicit grants improve the responsiveness and efficiency of some clients (such as a client implemented as an in-browser application), since it reduces the number of round trips required to obtain an access token.

它的存在是出于安全考虑,而不是为了简单。

您应该考虑用户代理和客户端之间的区别:

用户代理是用户(“资源所有者”)与系统其他部分(身份验证服务器和资源服务器)通信的软件。

客户端是在资源服务器上访问用户资源的软件。

In the case of decoupled user-agent and client the Authorization Code Grant makes sense. E.g. the user uses a web-browser (user-agent) to login with his Facebook account on Kickstarter. In this case the client is one of the Kickstarter's servers, which handles the user logins. This server gets the access token and the refresh token from Facebook. Thus this type of client considered to be "secure", due to restricted access, the tokens can be saved and Kickstarter can access the users' resources and even refresh the access tokens without user interaction.

If the user-agent and the client are coupled (e.g. native mobile application, javascript application), the Implicit Authorization Workflow may be applied. It relies on the presence of the resource owner (for entering the credentials) and does not support refresh tokens. If this client stores the access token for later use, it will be a security issue, because the token can be easily extracted by other applications or users of the client. The absence of the refresh token is an additional hint, that this method is not designed for accessing the user resources in the absence of the user.