I don't know if I just have some kind of blind spot or what, but I've read the OAuth 2 spec many times over and perused the mailing list archives, and I have yet to find a good explanation of why the Implicit Grant flow for obtaining access tokens has been developed. Compared to the Authorization Code Grant, it seems to just give up on client authentication for no very compelling reason. How is this "optimized for clients implemented in a browser using a scripting language" (to quote the specification)?

这两个流程的起点是相同的(来源:https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-22):

客户端通过将资源所有者的用户代理定向到授权端点来启动流。 授权服务器对资源所有者进行身份验证(通过用户代理),并确定资源所有者是否授予或拒绝客户端的访问请求。 假设资源所有者授予访问权限,授权服务器使用前面提供的重定向URI(在请求中或在客户端注册期间)将用户代理重定向回客户端。

重定向URI包括一个授权代码(授权代码流) 重定向URI在URI片段中包含访问令牌(隐式流)

这里是流分裂的地方。在这两种情况下,此时重定向URI指向客户端托管的某个端点:

In the Authorization code flow, when the user agent hits that endpoint with the Authorization code in the URI, code at that endpoint exchanges the authorization code along with its client credentials for an access token which it can then use as needed. It could, for example, write it into a web page that a script on the page could access. The Implicit flow skips this client authentication step altogether and just loads up a web page with client script. There's a cute trick here with the URL fragment that keeps the access token from being passed around too much, but the end result is essentially the same: the client-hosted site serves up a page with some script in it that can grab the access token.

因此我的问题是:跳过客户端身份验证步骤可以获得什么?


当前回答

除了其他答案,还必须认识到,隐式配置文件只允许一个前端通道流,而不是需要回调授权服务器的授权代码流;这在OpenID Connect(一种建立在Auth 2.0之上的SSO协议)中非常明显,其中隐式流类似于非常流行的SAML POST绑定,而授权代码流类似于不太广泛部署的SAML Artifact绑定

其他回答

我想Will Cain回答了这个问题,他说:“出于同样的原因,客户凭证没有任何好处。(任何客户端都可以尝试使用这个流程。)”还要考虑隐式流的redirect_uri可能是“localhost”——没有从授权服务器对隐式流进行回调。由于无法预先信任客户端,用户必须批准用户声明的发布。

在隐式流程中,如果用户的浏览器被损坏(邪恶的扩展/病毒),那么损坏就可以访问用户的资源,并可以做坏事。

在认证流中,腐败不能,因为它不知道客户端的秘密。

https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6749#page-8

Implicit The implicit grant is a simplified authorization code flow optimized for clients implemented in a browser using a scripting language such as JavaScript. In the implicit flow, instead of issuing the client an authorization code, the client is issued an access token directly (as the result of the resource owner authorization). The grant type is implicit, as no intermediate credentials (such as an authorization code) are issued (and later used to obtain an access token). When issuing an access token during the implicit grant flow, the authorization server does not authenticate the client. In some cases, the client identity can be verified via the redirection URI used to deliver the access token to the client. The access token may be exposed to the resource owner or other applications with access to the resource owner's user-agent. Implicit grants improve the responsiveness and efficiency of some clients (such as a client implemented as an in-browser application), since it reduces the number of round trips required to obtain an access token.

虽然隐式授权的设计是为了支持不能保护客户端机密的应用程序,包括客户端JavaScript应用程序,但一些提供商正在实现一种替代方案,使用没有客户端机密的授权代码。OAuth 2.0 IETF RFC-6749于2012年发布,目前的建议是2017年的一些最新讨论。

关于IETF OAuth邮件列表的2017年讨论可从以下实现者获得:

红帽:https://www.ietf.org/.../oauth/current/msg16966.html 德国电信:https://www.ietf.org/.../oauth/current/msg16968.html 智能健康IT: https://www.ietf.org/.../oauth/current/msg16967.html

点击此处阅读更多信息:

https://aaronparecki.com/oauth-2-simplified/ https://aaronparecki.com/oauth-2-simplified/#single-page-apps

Implicit was previously recommended for clients without a secret, but has been superseded by using the Authorization Code grant with no secret. ... Previously, it was recommended that browser-based apps use the "Implicit" flow, which returns an access token immediately and does not have a token exchange step. In the time since the spec was originally written, the industry best practice has changed to recommend that the authorization code flow be used without the client secret. This provides more opportunities to create a secure flow, such as using the state parameter. References: Redhat, Deutsche Telekom, Smart Health IT.

从隐式授权转移到没有客户端机密的认证代码也提到了这里的移动应用:

https://aaronparecki.com/oauth-2-simplified/#mobile-apps

我刚刚看到一些关于OAuth 2.0的文章。作者指出隐式流背后的原因是JS应用程序在那里的请求非常有限:

如果您想知道为什么隐式类型包含在OAuth 2.0中,那么 解释很简单:同源策略。那时,正面 应用程序不允许向不同的主机发送请求 使用代码获取访问令牌。今天我们有CORS (Cross-Origin) 资源共享)。

https://medium.com/securing/what-is-going-on-with-oauth-2-0-and-why-you-should-not-use-it-for-authentication-5f47597b2611