这可能太数学化了，但这是我的尝试。(我是数学家。)

如果某个东西是O(f(n))，那么它在n个元素上的运行时间将等于A f(n) + B(以时钟周期或CPU操作为单位)。理解这些常量A和B是非常关键的，它们来自特定的实现。B本质上代表你的操作的“常量开销”，例如你所做的一些预处理不依赖于集合的大小。A表示实际项目处理算法的速度。

关键在于，你可以使用大O符号来计算某物的可伸缩性。所以这些常数并不重要:如果你想弄清楚如何从10个项目扩展到10000个项目，谁会关心开销常数B呢?类似地，其他问题(见下文)肯定会超过乘法常数A的重要性。

So the real deal is f(n). If f grows not at all with n, e.g. f(n) = 1, then you'll scale fantastically---your running time will always just be A + B. If f grows linearly with n, i.e. f(n) = n, your running time will scale pretty much as best as can be expected---if your users are waiting 10 ns for 10 elements, they'll wait 10000 ns for 10000 elements (ignoring the additive constant). But if it grows faster, like n2, then you're in trouble; things will start slowing down way too much when you get larger collections. f(n) = n log(n) is a good compromise, usually: your operation can't be so simple as to give linear scaling, but you've managed to cut things down such that it'll scale much better than f(n) = n2.

实际上，这里有一些很好的例子:

O(1): retrieving an element from an array. We know exactly where it is in memory, so we just go get it. It doesn't matter if the collection has 10 items or 10000; it's still at index (say) 3, so we just jump to location 3 in memory. O(n): retrieving an element from a linked list. Here, A = 0.5, because on average you''ll have to go through 1/2 of the linked list before you find the element you're looking for. O(n2): various "dumb" sorting algorithms. Because generally their strategy involves, for each element (n), you look at all the other elements (so times another n, giving n2), then position yourself in the right place. O(n log(n)): various "smart" sorting algorithms. It turns out that you only need to look at, say, 10 elements in a 1010-element collection to intelligently sort yourself relative to everyone else in the collection. Because everyone else is also going to look at 10 elements, and the emergent behavior is orchestrated just right so that this is enough to produce a sorted list. O(n!): an algorithm that "tries everything," since there are (proportional to) n! possible combinations of n elements that might solve a given problem. So it just loops through all such combinations, tries them, then stops whenever it succeeds.

为了对被问到的问题保持真诚，我会用回答8岁孩子的方式来回答这个问题

假设一个冰淇淋小贩准备了许多不同形状的冰淇淋(比如N个)，按顺序排列。 你想吃中间的冰淇淋

情况1:只有吃完所有比它小的冰淇淋，你才能吃冰淇淋 你将不得不吃掉一半准备好的冰淇淋(输入)。答案直接取决于输入的大小 解是o(N)阶的

情况2:—你可以直接吃中间的冰淇淋

解是O(1)

情况3:只有当你吃完所有比它小的冰淇淋时，你才能吃冰淇淋，每次你吃冰淇淋时，你都允许另一个孩子(每次都是新孩子)吃掉他所有的冰淇淋 总时间为N + N + N.......(N/2)次 溶液是O(N2)

我会试着为一个真正的八岁男孩写一个解释，除了专业术语和数学概念。

比如O(n²)的运算会怎样?

如果你在一个聚会上，包括你在内有n个人。需要多少次握手才能让每个人都和其他人握手，因为人们可能会在某个时候忘记他们握手的人是谁。

注意:这近似于产生n(n-1)的单形，这足够接近于n²。

如果一个操作是O(nlog (n))这是什么意思?

你最喜欢的球队赢了，他们站在队伍里，队伍里有n名球员。你需要和每个玩家握手多少次，假设你要和每个玩家握手多次，多少次，玩家的号码n中有多少位数字。

注意:这将产生n * log n的10次方。

有人必须吸可卡因才能写出O(x!)吗?

你是一个富二代，你的衣柜里有很多衣服，每种衣服有x个抽屉，抽屉一个挨着一个，第一个抽屉里有一件衣服，每个抽屉里有和左边抽屉一样多的衣服，所以你有一顶帽子，两顶假发，…(x-1)条裤子，然后是x件衬衫。现在，用每个抽屉里的一件物品，你能装扮出多少种风格呢?

注意:这个例子表示一个决策树中有多少个叶结点，其中子结点数=深度，通过1 * 2 * 3 *完成。* x

log(n) means logarithmic growth. An example would be divide and conquer algorithms. If you have 1000 sorted numbers in an array ( ex. 3, 10, 34, 244, 1203 ... ) and want to search for a number in the list (find its position), you could start with checking the value of the number at index 500. If it is lower than what you seek, jump to 750. If it is higher than what you seek, jump to 250. Then you repeat the process until you find your value (and key). Every time we jump half the search space, we can cull away testing many other values since we know the number 3004 can't be above number 5000 (remember, it is a sorted list).

N log(N)表示N * log(N)

要理解O(n log n)，请记住log n意味着log-base-2 (n)。然后看看每一部分:

O(n)是，当你对集合中的每一项进行操作时。

O(log n)是指操作的次数与取2的指数相同，以得到项目的数量。例如，二分搜索必须将集合切成log n的一半。

O(nlogn)是一个组合——你在对集合中的每一项进行二分搜索。高效的排序通常是对每个项目进行一次循环，并在每个循环中进行良好的搜索，以找到放置相关项目或组的正确位置。因此是n * log n。

还记得乌龟和兔子的寓言吗?

从长远来看，乌龟赢了，但从短期来看，兔子赢了。

这就像O(logN)(乌龟)vs O(N)(野兔)。

如果两种方法的大o值不同，那么它们中的一种会在N的水平上获胜，但大o值没有说明N的大小。