在Windows 10 x64机器上，我通过以下方法使命令提示符显示非英语字符:

打开提升命令提示符(以管理员身份运行CMD.EXE)。通过以下方法查询控制台可用的TrueType字体的注册表:

    REG query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont"

你会看到如下输出:

    0    REG_SZ    Lucida Console
    00    REG_SZ    Consolas
    936    REG_SZ    *新宋体
    932    REG_SZ    *ＭＳ ゴシック

现在我们需要添加一个TrueType字体，支持你需要的字符，如Courier New。我们通过在字符串名后面加0来实现，所以在这种情况下，下一个字符串将是"000":

    REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont" /v 000 /t REG_SZ /d "Courier New"

现在我们实现了UTF-8支持:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v CodePage /t REG_DWORD /d 65001 /f

设置默认字体为Courier New:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v FaceName /t REG_SZ /d "Courier New" /f

设置字体大小为20:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v FontSize /t REG_DWORD /d 20 /f

启用快速编辑，如果你喜欢:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v QuickEdit /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

从2019年6月开始，使用Windows 10，你将不必更改代码页。

参见“介绍Windows终端”(来自Kayla Cinnamon)和Microsoft/Terminal。 通过使用Consolas字体，将提供部分Unicode支持。

如Microsoft/Terminal issue 387中所述:

There are 87,887 ideographs currently in Unicode. You need all of them too? We need a boundary, and characters beyond that boundary should be handled by font fallback / font linking / whatever. What Consolas should cover: Characters that used as symbols that used by modern OSS programs in CLI. These characters should follow Consolas' design and metrics, and properly aligned with existing Consolas characters. What Consolas should NOT cover: Characters and punctuation of scripts that beyond Latin, Greek and Cyrillic, especially characters need complex shaping (like Arabic). These characters should be handled with font fallback.

我的背景:我在控制台中使用Unicode输入/输出已经很多年了(并且每天都这么做。此外，我还为这项任务开发了支持工具)。只要你了解以下事实/限制，问题就很少:

CMD and “console” are unrelated factors. CMD.exe is a just one of programs which are ready to “work inside” a console (“console applications”). AFAIK, CMD has perfect support for Unicode; you can enter/output all Unicode chars when any codepage is active. Windows’ console has A LOT of support for Unicode — but it is not perfect (just “good enough”; see below). chcp 65001 is very dangerous. Unless a program was specially designed to work around defects in the Windows’ API (or uses a C runtime library which has these workarounds), it would not work reliably. Win8 fixes ½ of these problems with cp65001, but the rest is still applicable to Win10. I work in cp1252. As I already said: To input/output Unicode in a console, one does not need to set the codepage.

细节

To read/write Unicode to a console, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use not File-I/O API, but Console-I/O API. (For an example, see how Python does it.) Likewise, to read Unicode command-line arguments, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use the corresponding API. Console font rendering supports only Unicode characters in BMP (in other words: below U+10000). Only simple text rendering is supported (so European — and some East Asian — languages should work fine — as far as one uses precomposed forms). [There is a minor fine print here for East Asian and for characters U+0000, U+0001, U+30FB.]

实际考虑

The defaults on Window are not very helpful. For best experience, one should tune up 3 pieces of configuration: For output: a comprehensive console font. For best results, I recommend my builds. (The installation instructions are present there — and also listed in other answers on this page.) For input: a capable keyboard layout. For best results, I recommend my layouts. For input: allow HEX input of Unicode. One more gotcha with “Pasting” into a console application (very technical): HEX input delivers a character on KeyUp of Alt; all the other ways to deliver a character happen on KeyDown; so many applications are not ready to see a character on KeyUp. (Only applicable to applications using Console-I/O API.) Conclusion: many application would not react on HEX input events. Moreover, what happens with a “Pasted” character depends on the current keyboard layout: if the character can be typed without using prefix keys (but with arbitrary complicated combination of modifiers, as in Ctrl-Alt-AltGr-Kana-Shift-Gray*) then it is delivered on an emulated keypress. This is what any application expects — so pasting anything which contains only such characters is fine. However, the “other” characters are delivered by emulating HEX input. Conclusion: unless your keyboard layout supports input of A LOT of characters without prefix keys, some buggy applications may skip characters when you Paste via Console’s UI: Alt-Space E P. (This is why I recommend using my keyboard layouts!)

我们还应该记住，Windows上的“替代的、更强大的”主机根本不是主机。它们不支持Console-I/O api，因此依赖这些api工作的程序将无法正常工作。(不过，只使用“文件- i /O api到控制台文件句柄”的程序可以很好地工作。)

微软的Powershell就是一个非主机的例子。我不用它;要进行实验，按下并释放WinKey，然后输入powershell。

(另一方面，有一些程序，如ConEmu或ANSICON，试图做更多的事情:他们“试图”拦截控制台i /O api，以使“真正的控制台应用程序”也能工作。这绝对适用于玩具示例程序;在现实生活中，这可能解决不了您的特定问题。实验。)

总结

设置字体，键盘布局(并可选地，允许十六进制输入)。 只使用通过Console-I/O api的程序，并接受Unicode命令行参数。例如，任何由cygwin编译的程序都可以。正如我已经说过的，CMD也很好。

UPD:最初，对于cp65001中的一个错误，我混淆了内核层和CRTL层(UPD²:和Windows用户模式API!)另外:Win8修复了这个错误的一半;我澄清了关于“更好的控制台”应用程序的部分，并添加了Python如何做到这一点的参考。

我通过在批处理文件中使用它们的短名称(8点3)来删除以unicode命名的文件，从而避免了类似的问题。

短名称可以通过执行dir /x查看。显然，这只适用于已知的Unicode文件名。

我也有同样的问题(我来自捷克共和国)。我安装了英文的Windows，而且我必须使用共享驱动器上的文件。文件的路径包含捷克特有的字符。

适合我的解决方案是:

在批处理文件中，修改字符集页

批处理文件:

chcp 1250
copy "O:\VEŘEJNÉ\ŽŽŽŽŽŽ\Ž.xls" c:\temp

批处理文件必须保存在CP 1250中。

注意，控制台不会正确地显示字符，但它会理解它们……

我发现这个方法在新版本的Windows 10中很有用:

打开此功能:"Beta版:使用Unicode UTF-8支持全球语言"

控制面板->区域设置->管理选项卡->更改 系统区域设置…