我的背景:我在控制台中使用Unicode输入/输出已经很多年了(并且每天都这么做。此外，我还为这项任务开发了支持工具)。只要你了解以下事实/限制，问题就很少:

CMD and “console” are unrelated factors. CMD.exe is a just one of programs which are ready to “work inside” a console (“console applications”). AFAIK, CMD has perfect support for Unicode; you can enter/output all Unicode chars when any codepage is active. Windows’ console has A LOT of support for Unicode — but it is not perfect (just “good enough”; see below). chcp 65001 is very dangerous. Unless a program was specially designed to work around defects in the Windows’ API (or uses a C runtime library which has these workarounds), it would not work reliably. Win8 fixes ½ of these problems with cp65001, but the rest is still applicable to Win10. I work in cp1252. As I already said: To input/output Unicode in a console, one does not need to set the codepage.

细节

To read/write Unicode to a console, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use not File-I/O API, but Console-I/O API. (For an example, see how Python does it.) Likewise, to read Unicode command-line arguments, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use the corresponding API. Console font rendering supports only Unicode characters in BMP (in other words: below U+10000). Only simple text rendering is supported (so European — and some East Asian — languages should work fine — as far as one uses precomposed forms). [There is a minor fine print here for East Asian and for characters U+0000, U+0001, U+30FB.]

实际考虑

The defaults on Window are not very helpful. For best experience, one should tune up 3 pieces of configuration: For output: a comprehensive console font. For best results, I recommend my builds. (The installation instructions are present there — and also listed in other answers on this page.) For input: a capable keyboard layout. For best results, I recommend my layouts. For input: allow HEX input of Unicode. One more gotcha with “Pasting” into a console application (very technical): HEX input delivers a character on KeyUp of Alt; all the other ways to deliver a character happen on KeyDown; so many applications are not ready to see a character on KeyUp. (Only applicable to applications using Console-I/O API.) Conclusion: many application would not react on HEX input events. Moreover, what happens with a “Pasted” character depends on the current keyboard layout: if the character can be typed without using prefix keys (but with arbitrary complicated combination of modifiers, as in Ctrl-Alt-AltGr-Kana-Shift-Gray*) then it is delivered on an emulated keypress. This is what any application expects — so pasting anything which contains only such characters is fine. However, the “other” characters are delivered by emulating HEX input. Conclusion: unless your keyboard layout supports input of A LOT of characters without prefix keys, some buggy applications may skip characters when you Paste via Console’s UI: Alt-Space E P. (This is why I recommend using my keyboard layouts!)

我们还应该记住，Windows上的“替代的、更强大的”主机根本不是主机。它们不支持Console-I/O api，因此依赖这些api工作的程序将无法正常工作。(不过，只使用“文件- i /O api到控制台文件句柄”的程序可以很好地工作。)

微软的Powershell就是一个非主机的例子。我不用它;要进行实验，按下并释放WinKey，然后输入powershell。

(另一方面，有一些程序，如ConEmu或ANSICON，试图做更多的事情:他们“试图”拦截控制台i /O api，以使“真正的控制台应用程序”也能工作。这绝对适用于玩具示例程序;在现实生活中，这可能解决不了您的特定问题。实验。)

总结

设置字体，键盘布局(并可选地，允许十六进制输入)。 只使用通过Console-I/O api的程序，并接受Unicode命令行参数。例如，任何由cygwin编译的程序都可以。正如我已经说过的，CMD也很好。

UPD:最初，对于cp65001中的一个错误，我混淆了内核层和CRTL层(UPD²:和Windows用户模式API!)另外:Win8修复了这个错误的一半;我澄清了关于“更好的控制台”应用程序的部分，并添加了Python如何做到这一点的参考。

在Windows 10 x64机器上，我通过以下方法使命令提示符显示非英语字符:

打开提升命令提示符(以管理员身份运行CMD.EXE)。通过以下方法查询控制台可用的TrueType字体的注册表:

    REG query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont"

你会看到如下输出:

    0    REG_SZ    Lucida Console
    00    REG_SZ    Consolas
    936    REG_SZ    *新宋体
    932    REG_SZ    *ＭＳ ゴシック

现在我们需要添加一个TrueType字体，支持你需要的字符，如Courier New。我们通过在字符串名后面加0来实现，所以在这种情况下，下一个字符串将是"000":

    REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont" /v 000 /t REG_SZ /d "Courier New"

现在我们实现了UTF-8支持:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v CodePage /t REG_DWORD /d 65001 /f

设置默认字体为Courier New:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v FaceName /t REG_SZ /d "Courier New" /f

设置字体大小为20:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v FontSize /t REG_DWORD /d 20 /f

启用快速编辑，如果你喜欢:

    REG ADD HKCU\Console /v QuickEdit /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

一个更好更干净的方法是:安装可用的免费微软日语包。(其他东方语言包也可以，但我已经测试了日语包。)

这将为您提供具有较大字形集的字体，使它们成为默认行为，更改各种Windows工具，如cmd, WordPad等。

对于那些使用WSL但又不想要Cygwin或Git的额外包的人来说，wsltty是可用的，它只提供支持UTF-8的终端

Try:

chcp 65001

这会将代码页更改为UTF-8。此外，还需要使用Lucida控制台字体。

实际上，关键在于命令提示符实际上理解这些非英语字符，只是不能正确地显示它们。

当我在命令提示符中输入包含一些非英语字符的路径时，它显示为“?? ?”?？???? ? ? ? ? ?”当您提交命令(cd "???？???? ?????”在我的情况下)，一切都按照预期工作。