由于我还没有看到Python 2.7的完整答案，我将概述两个重要步骤和一个非常有用的可选步骤。

You need a font with Unicode support. Windows comes with Lucida Console which may be selected by right-clicking the title bar of command prompt and clicking the Defaults option. This also gives access to colours. Note that you can also change settings for command windows invoked in certain ways (e.g, open here, Visual Studio) by choosing Properties instead. You need to set the code page to cp65001, which appears to be Microsoft's attempt to offer UTF-7 and UTF-8 support to command prompt. Do this by running chcp 65001 in command prompt. Once set, it remains this way until the window is closed. You'll need to redo this every time you launch cmd.exe.

要获得更永久的解决方案，请参考超级用户上的答案。简而言之，在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor中使用regedit创建一个REG_SZ (String)条目，并将其命名为AutoRun。将其值修改为chcp 65001。如果不想看到命令的输出消息，请使用@chcp 65001>nul。

有些程序在与这种编码进行交互时遇到麻烦，MinGW就是一个显著的例子，它在编译时出现无意义的错误消息而失败。尽管如此，这工作得非常好，并且不会对大多数程序造成错误。

实际上，关键在于命令提示符实际上理解这些非英语字符，只是不能正确地显示它们。

当我在命令提示符中输入包含一些非英语字符的路径时，它显示为“?? ?”?？???? ? ? ? ? ?”当您提交命令(cd "???？???? ?????”在我的情况下)，一切都按照预期工作。

一个更好更干净的方法是:安装可用的免费微软日语包。(其他东方语言包也可以，但我已经测试了日语包。)

这将为您提供具有较大字形集的字体，使它们成为默认行为，更改各种Windows工具，如cmd, WordPad等。

由于我还没有看到Python 2.7的完整答案，我将概述两个重要步骤和一个非常有用的可选步骤。

You need a font with Unicode support. Windows comes with Lucida Console which may be selected by right-clicking the title bar of command prompt and clicking the Defaults option. This also gives access to colours. Note that you can also change settings for command windows invoked in certain ways (e.g, open here, Visual Studio) by choosing Properties instead. You need to set the code page to cp65001, which appears to be Microsoft's attempt to offer UTF-7 and UTF-8 support to command prompt. Do this by running chcp 65001 in command prompt. Once set, it remains this way until the window is closed. You'll need to redo this every time you launch cmd.exe.

要获得更永久的解决方案，请参考超级用户上的答案。简而言之，在HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor中使用regedit创建一个REG_SZ (String)条目，并将其命名为AutoRun。将其值修改为chcp 65001。如果不想看到命令的输出消息，请使用@chcp 65001>nul。

有些程序在与这种编码进行交互时遇到麻烦，MinGW就是一个显著的例子，它在编译时出现无意义的错误消息而失败。尽管如此，这工作得非常好，并且不会对大多数程序造成错误。

对于那些使用WSL但又不想要Cygwin或Git的额外包的人来说，wsltty是可用的，它只提供支持UTF-8的终端

我的背景:我在控制台中使用Unicode输入/输出已经很多年了(并且每天都这么做。此外，我还为这项任务开发了支持工具)。只要你了解以下事实/限制，问题就很少:

CMD and “console” are unrelated factors. CMD.exe is a just one of programs which are ready to “work inside” a console (“console applications”). AFAIK, CMD has perfect support for Unicode; you can enter/output all Unicode chars when any codepage is active. Windows’ console has A LOT of support for Unicode — but it is not perfect (just “good enough”; see below). chcp 65001 is very dangerous. Unless a program was specially designed to work around defects in the Windows’ API (or uses a C runtime library which has these workarounds), it would not work reliably. Win8 fixes ½ of these problems with cp65001, but the rest is still applicable to Win10. I work in cp1252. As I already said: To input/output Unicode in a console, one does not need to set the codepage.

细节

To read/write Unicode to a console, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use not File-I/O API, but Console-I/O API. (For an example, see how Python does it.) Likewise, to read Unicode command-line arguments, an application (or its C runtime library) should be smart enough to use the corresponding API. Console font rendering supports only Unicode characters in BMP (in other words: below U+10000). Only simple text rendering is supported (so European — and some East Asian — languages should work fine — as far as one uses precomposed forms). [There is a minor fine print here for East Asian and for characters U+0000, U+0001, U+30FB.]

实际考虑

The defaults on Window are not very helpful. For best experience, one should tune up 3 pieces of configuration: For output: a comprehensive console font. For best results, I recommend my builds. (The installation instructions are present there — and also listed in other answers on this page.) For input: a capable keyboard layout. For best results, I recommend my layouts. For input: allow HEX input of Unicode. One more gotcha with “Pasting” into a console application (very technical): HEX input delivers a character on KeyUp of Alt; all the other ways to deliver a character happen on KeyDown; so many applications are not ready to see a character on KeyUp. (Only applicable to applications using Console-I/O API.) Conclusion: many application would not react on HEX input events. Moreover, what happens with a “Pasted” character depends on the current keyboard layout: if the character can be typed without using prefix keys (but with arbitrary complicated combination of modifiers, as in Ctrl-Alt-AltGr-Kana-Shift-Gray*) then it is delivered on an emulated keypress. This is what any application expects — so pasting anything which contains only such characters is fine. However, the “other” characters are delivered by emulating HEX input. Conclusion: unless your keyboard layout supports input of A LOT of characters without prefix keys, some buggy applications may skip characters when you Paste via Console’s UI: Alt-Space E P. (This is why I recommend using my keyboard layouts!)

我们还应该记住，Windows上的“替代的、更强大的”主机根本不是主机。它们不支持Console-I/O api，因此依赖这些api工作的程序将无法正常工作。(不过，只使用“文件- i /O api到控制台文件句柄”的程序可以很好地工作。)

微软的Powershell就是一个非主机的例子。我不用它;要进行实验，按下并释放WinKey，然后输入powershell。

(另一方面，有一些程序，如ConEmu或ANSICON，试图做更多的事情:他们“试图”拦截控制台i /O api，以使“真正的控制台应用程序”也能工作。这绝对适用于玩具示例程序;在现实生活中，这可能解决不了您的特定问题。实验。)

总结

设置字体，键盘布局(并可选地，允许十六进制输入)。 只使用通过Console-I/O api的程序，并接受Unicode命令行参数。例如，任何由cygwin编译的程序都可以。正如我已经说过的，CMD也很好。

UPD:最初，对于cp65001中的一个错误，我混淆了内核层和CRTL层(UPD²:和Windows用户模式API!)另外:Win8修复了这个错误的一半;我澄清了关于“更好的控制台”应用程序的部分，并添加了Python如何做到这一点的参考。