使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
当前回答
你可以在SQL中拆分字符串,而不需要函数:
DECLARE @bla varchar(MAX)
SET @bla = 'BED40DFC-F468-46DD-8017-00EF2FA3E4A4,64B59FC5-3F4D-4B0E-9A48-01F3D4F220B0,A611A108-97CA-42F3-A2E1-057165339719,E72D95EA-578F-45FC-88E5-075F66FD726C'
-- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14712864/how-to-query-values-from-xml-nodes
SELECT
x.XmlCol.value('.', 'varchar(36)') AS val
FROM
(
SELECT
CAST('<e>' + REPLACE(@bla, ',', '</e><e>') + '</e>' AS xml) AS RawXml
) AS b
CROSS APPLY b.RawXml.nodes('e') x(XmlCol);
如果需要支持任意字符串(带有xml特殊字符)
DECLARE @bla NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @bla = '<html>unsafe & safe Utf8CharsDon''tGetEncoded ÄöÜ - "Conex"<html>,Barnes & Noble,abc,def,ghi'
-- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14712864/how-to-query-values-from-xml-nodes
SELECT
x.XmlCol.value('.', 'nvarchar(MAX)') AS val
FROM
(
SELECT
CAST('<e>' + REPLACE((SELECT @bla FOR XML PATH('')), ',', '</e><e>') + '</e>' AS xml) AS RawXml
) AS b
CROSS APPLY b.RawXml.nodes('e') x(XmlCol);
其他回答
这里有一个UDF可以做到这一点。它将返回一个带分隔符的值的表,我还没有尝试所有的场景,但您的示例工作良好。
CREATE FUNCTION SplitString
(
-- Add the parameters for the function here
@myString varchar(500),
@deliminator varchar(10)
)
RETURNS
@ReturnTable TABLE
(
-- Add the column definitions for the TABLE variable here
[id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[part] [varchar](50) NULL
)
AS
BEGIN
Declare @iSpaces int
Declare @part varchar(50)
--initialize spaces
Select @iSpaces = charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)
While @iSpaces > 0
Begin
Select @part = substring(@myString,0,charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0))
Insert Into @ReturnTable(part)
Select @part
Select @myString = substring(@mystring,charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)+ len(@deliminator),len(@myString) - charindex(' ',@myString,0))
Select @iSpaces = charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)
end
If len(@myString) > 0
Insert Into @ReturnTable
Select @myString
RETURN
END
GO
你可以这样称呼它:
Select * From SplitString('Hello John Smith',' ')
编辑:使用len>1处理分隔符的更新解决方案如下:
select * From SplitString('Hello**John**Smith','**')
试试这个:
CREATE function [SplitWordList]
(
@list varchar(8000)
)
returns @t table
(
Word varchar(50) not null,
Position int identity(1,1) not null
)
as begin
declare
@pos int,
@lpos int,
@item varchar(100),
@ignore varchar(100),
@dl int,
@a1 int,
@a2 int,
@z1 int,
@z2 int,
@n1 int,
@n2 int,
@c varchar(1),
@a smallint
select
@a1 = ascii('a'),
@a2 = ascii('A'),
@z1 = ascii('z'),
@z2 = ascii('Z'),
@n1 = ascii('0'),
@n2 = ascii('9')
set @ignore = '''"'
set @pos = 1
set @dl = datalength(@list)
set @lpos = 1
set @item = ''
while (@pos <= @dl) begin
set @c = substring(@list, @pos, 1)
if (@ignore not like '%' + @c + '%') begin
set @a = ascii(@c)
if ((@a >= @a1) and (@a <= @z1))
or ((@a >= @a2) and (@a <= @z2))
or ((@a >= @n1) and (@a <= @n2))
begin
set @item = @item + @c
end else if (@item > '') begin
insert into @t values (@item)
set @item = ''
end
end
set @pos = @pos + 1
end
if (@item > '') begin
insert into @t values (@item)
end
return
end
像这样测试它:
select * from SplitWordList('Hello John Smith')
在Azure SQL数据库(基于Microsoft SQL Server但不完全相同的东西)中,STRING_SPLIT函数的签名看起来像这样:
STRING_SPLIT ( string , separator [ , enable_ordinal ] )
当enable_ordinal标志设置为1时,结果将包括一个名为ordinal的列,该列由输入字符串中子字符串的基于1的位置组成:
SELECT *
FROM STRING_SPLIT('hello john smith', ' ', 1)
| value | ordinal |
|-------|---------|
| hello | 1 |
| john | 2 |
| smith | 3 |
这允许我们这样做:
SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT('hello john smith', ' ', 1)
WHERE ordinal = 2
| value |
|-------|
| john |
如果enable_ordinal不可用,则有一个技巧,即假定输入字符串中的子字符串是惟一的。在这种情况下,CHAR_INDEX可以用来查找子字符串在输入字符串中的位置:
SELECT value, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CHARINDEX(value, input_str)) AS ord_pos
FROM (VALUES
('hello john smith')
) AS x(input_str)
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(input_str, ' ')
| value | ord_pos |
|-------+---------|
| hello | 1 |
| john | 2 |
| smith | 3 |
下面是一个SQL UDF,它可以分割字符串并只抓取特定的部分。
create FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_SplitParseOut]
(
@List nvarchar(MAX),
@SplitOn nvarchar(5),
@GetIndex smallint
)
returns varchar(1000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @RtnValue table
(
Id int identity(0,1),
Value nvarchar(MAX)
)
DECLARE @result varchar(1000)
While (Charindex(@SplitOn,@List)>0)
Begin
Insert Into @RtnValue (value)
Select Value = ltrim(rtrim(Substring(@List,1,Charindex(@SplitOn,@List)-1)))
Set @List = Substring(@List,Charindex(@SplitOn,@List)+len(@SplitOn),len(@List))
End
Insert Into @RtnValue (Value)
Select Value = ltrim(rtrim(@List))
select @result = value from @RtnValue where ID = @GetIndex
Return @result
END
可以利用Number表进行字符串解析。
创建一个物理数字表:
create table dbo.Numbers (N int primary key);
insert into dbo.Numbers
select top 1000 row_number() over(order by number) from master..spt_values
go
创建具有1000000行的测试表
create table #yak (i int identity(1,1) primary key, array varchar(50))
insert into #yak(array)
select 'a,b,c' from dbo.Numbers n cross join dbo.Numbers nn
go
创建函数
create function [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]
( @Input nvarchar(4000),
@Delimiter char(1) = ',',
@BaseIdent int
)
returns table as
return
( select row_number() over (order by n asc) + (@BaseIdent - 1) [i],
substring(@Input, n, charindex(@Delimiter, @Input + @Delimiter, n) - n) s
from dbo.Numbers
where n <= convert(int, len(@Input)) and
substring(@Delimiter + @Input, n, 1) = @Delimiter
)
go
使用情况(在我的笔记本电脑上40秒内输出3mil行)
select *
from #yak
cross apply dbo.ufn_ParseArray(array, ',', 1)
清理
drop table dbo.Numbers;
drop function [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]
这里的性能并不惊人,但在100万行表上调用函数并不是最好的主意。如果将字符串拆分到多行,我会避免使用该函数。