通过delimeter函数得到字符串的n个部分:

create function GetStringPartByDelimeter (
    @value as nvarchar(max),
    @delimeter as nvarchar(max),
    @position as int
) returns NVARCHAR(MAX) 
AS BEGIN
    declare @startPos as int
    declare @endPos as int
    set @endPos = -1
    while (@position > 0 and @endPos != 0) begin
        set @startPos = @endPos + 1
        set @endPos = charindex(@delimeter, @value, @startPos)

        if(@position = 1) begin
            if(@endPos = 0)
                set @endPos = len(@value) + 1

            return substring(@value, @startPos, @endPos - @startPos)
        end

        set @position = @position - 1
    end

    return null
end

以及用法:

select dbo.GetStringPartByDelimeter ('a;b;c;d;e', ';', 3)

返回:

c

这个模式工作得很好，可以进行推广

Convert(xml,'<n>'+Replace(FIELD,'.','</n><n>')+'</n>').value('(/n[INDEX])','TYPE')
                          ^^^^^                                   ^^^^^     ^^^^

注意字段，索引和类型。

让一些表具有类似的标识符

sys.message.1234.warning.A45
sys.message.1235.error.O98
....

然后，你就可以写作了

SELECT Source         = q.value('(/n[1])', 'varchar(10)'),
       RecordType     = q.value('(/n[2])', 'varchar(20)'),
       RecordNumber   = q.value('(/n[3])', 'int'),
       Status         = q.value('(/n[4])', 'varchar(5)')
FROM   (
         SELECT   q = Convert(xml,'<n>'+Replace(fieldName,'.','</n><n>')+'</n>')
         FROM     some_TABLE
       ) Q

拆铸所有零件。

可以利用Number表进行字符串解析。

创建一个物理数字表:

    create table dbo.Numbers (N int primary key);
    insert into dbo.Numbers
        select top 1000 row_number() over(order by number) from master..spt_values
    go

创建具有1000000行的测试表

    create table #yak (i int identity(1,1) primary key, array varchar(50))

    insert into #yak(array)
        select 'a,b,c' from dbo.Numbers n cross join dbo.Numbers nn
    go

创建函数

    create function [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]
        (   @Input      nvarchar(4000), 
            @Delimiter  char(1) = ',',
            @BaseIdent  int
        )
    returns table as
    return  
        (   select  row_number() over (order by n asc) + (@BaseIdent - 1) [i],
                    substring(@Input, n, charindex(@Delimiter, @Input + @Delimiter, n) - n) s
            from    dbo.Numbers
            where   n <= convert(int, len(@Input)) and
                    substring(@Delimiter + @Input, n, 1) = @Delimiter
        )
    go

使用情况(在我的笔记本电脑上40秒内输出3mil行)

    select * 
    from #yak 
    cross apply dbo.ufn_ParseArray(array, ',', 1)

清理

    drop table dbo.Numbers;
    drop function  [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]

这里的性能并不惊人，但在100万行表上调用函数并不是最好的主意。如果将字符串拆分到多行，我会避免使用该函数。

使用字符串和values()语句怎么样?

DECLARE @str varchar(max)
SET @str = 'Hello John Smith'

DECLARE @separator varchar(max)
SET @separator = ' '

DECLARE @Splited TABLE(id int IDENTITY(1,1), item varchar(max))

SET @str = REPLACE(@str, @separator, '''),(''')
SET @str = 'SELECT * FROM (VALUES(''' + @str + ''')) AS V(A)' 

INSERT INTO @Splited
EXEC(@str)

SELECT * FROM @Splited

结果集。

id  item
1   Hello
2   John
3   Smith

我一直在使用vzczc的答案使用递归cte的一段时间，但一直想更新它来处理可变长度分隔符，也处理字符串与前驱和滞后“分隔符”，如当你有一个csv文件的记录，如:

“鲍勃”,“史密斯”桑尼维尔”,“CA”

或者当你处理如下所示的六部分fqn时。我广泛地使用这些来记录subject_fqn的审计，错误处理等，parsename只处理四个部分:

[netbios_name].[machine_name].[instance].[database].[schema].[table].[column]

这是我的更新版本，感谢vzczc的原始帖子!

select * from [utility].[split_string](N'"this"."string"."gets"."split"."and"."removes"."leading"."and"."trailing"."quotes"', N'"."', N'"', N'"');

select * from [utility].[split_string](N'"this"."string"."gets"."split"."but"."leaves"."leading"."and"."trailing"."quotes"', N'"."', null, null);

select * from [utility].[split_string](N'[netbios_name].[machine_name].[instance].[database].[schema].[table].[column]', N'].[', N'[', N']');

create function [utility].[split_string] ( 
  @input       [nvarchar](max) 
  , @separator [sysname] 
  , @lead      [sysname] 
  , @lag       [sysname]) 
returns @node_list table ( 
  [index]  [int] 
  , [node] [nvarchar](max)) 
  begin 
      declare @separator_length [int]= len(@separator) 
              , @lead_length    [int] = isnull(len(@lead), 0) 
              , @lag_length     [int] = isnull(len(@lag), 0); 
      -- 
      set @input = right(@input, len(@input) - @lead_length); 
      set @input = left(@input, len(@input) - @lag_length); 
      -- 
      with [splitter]([index], [starting_position], [start_location]) 
           as (select cast(@separator_length as [bigint]) 
                      , cast(1 as [bigint]) 
                      , charindex(@separator, @input) 
               union all 
               select [index] + 1 
                      , [start_location] + @separator_length 
                      , charindex(@separator, @input, [start_location] + @separator_length) 
               from   [splitter] 
               where  [start_location] > 0) 
      -- 
      insert into @node_list 
                  ([index],[node]) 
        select [index] - @separator_length                   as [index] 
               , substring(@input, [starting_position], case 
                                                            when [start_location] > 0 
                                                                then 
                                                              [start_location] - [starting_position] 
                                                            else 
                                                              len(@input) 
                                                        end) as [node] 
        from   [splitter]; 
      -- 
      return; 
  end; 
go 

下面是一个函数，它将完成问题的目标，即分割字符串并访问项目X:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString]
(
   @List       VARCHAR(MAX),
   @Delimiter  VARCHAR(255),
   @ElementNumber INT
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN

       DECLARE @inp VARCHAR(MAX)
       SET @inp = (SELECT REPLACE(@List,@Delimiter,'_DELMTR_') FOR XML PATH(''))

       DECLARE @xml XML
       SET @xml = '<split><el>' + REPLACE(@inp,'_DELMTR_','</el><el>') + '</el></split>'

       DECLARE @ret VARCHAR(MAX)
       SET @ret = (SELECT
              el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
       FROM  @xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("@elementnumber")]') split(el))

       RETURN @ret

END

用法:

SELECT dbo.SplitString('Hello John Smith', ' ', 2)

结果:

John