Alter Function dbo.fn_Split
    (
    @Expression nvarchar(max),
    @Delimiter  nvarchar(20) = ',',
    @Qualifier  char(1) = Null
    )
    RETURNS @Results TABLE (id int IDENTITY(1,1), value nvarchar(max))
    AS
    BEGIN
       /* USAGE
            Select * From dbo.fn_Split('apple pear grape banana orange honeydew cantalope 3 2 1 4', ' ', Null)
            Select * From dbo.fn_Split('1,abc,"Doe, John",4', ',', '"')
            Select * From dbo.fn_Split('Hello 0,"&""&&&&', ',', '"')
       */

       -- Declare Variables
       DECLARE
          @X     xml,
          @Temp  nvarchar(max),
          @Temp2 nvarchar(max),
          @Start int,
          @End   int

       -- HTML Encode @Expression
       Select @Expression = (Select @Expression For XML Path(''))

       -- Find all occurences of @Delimiter within @Qualifier and replace with |||***|||
       While PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Expression) > 0 AND Len(IsNull(@Qualifier, '')) > 0
       BEGIN
          Select
             -- Starting character position of @Qualifier
             @Start = PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Expression),
             -- @Expression starting at the @Start position
             @Temp = SubString(@Expression, @Start + 1, LEN(@Expression)-@Start+1),
             -- Next position of @Qualifier within @Expression
             @End = PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Temp) - 1,
             -- The part of Expression found between the @Qualifiers
             @Temp2 = Case When @End < 0 Then @Temp Else Left(@Temp, @End) End,
             -- New @Expression
             @Expression = REPLACE(@Expression,
                                   @Qualifier + @Temp2 + Case When @End < 0 Then '' Else @Qualifier End,
                                   Replace(@Temp2, @Delimiter, '|||***|||')
                           )
       END

       -- Replace all occurences of @Delimiter within @Expression with '</fn_Split>&ltfn_Split>'
       -- And convert it to XML so we can select from it
       SET
          @X = Cast('&ltfn_Split>' +
                    Replace(@Expression, @Delimiter, '</fn_Split>&ltfn_Split>') +
                    '</fn_Split>' as xml)

       -- Insert into our returnable table replacing '|||***|||' back to @Delimiter
       INSERT @Results
       SELECT
          "Value" = LTRIM(RTrim(Replace(C.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)'), '|||***|||', @Delimiter)))
       FROM
          @X.nodes('fn_Split') as X(C)

       -- Return our temp table
       RETURN
    END

可以利用Number表进行字符串解析。

创建一个物理数字表:

    create table dbo.Numbers (N int primary key);
    insert into dbo.Numbers
        select top 1000 row_number() over(order by number) from master..spt_values
    go

创建具有1000000行的测试表

    create table #yak (i int identity(1,1) primary key, array varchar(50))

    insert into #yak(array)
        select 'a,b,c' from dbo.Numbers n cross join dbo.Numbers nn
    go

创建函数

    create function [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]
        (   @Input      nvarchar(4000), 
            @Delimiter  char(1) = ',',
            @BaseIdent  int
        )
    returns table as
    return  
        (   select  row_number() over (order by n asc) + (@BaseIdent - 1) [i],
                    substring(@Input, n, charindex(@Delimiter, @Input + @Delimiter, n) - n) s
            from    dbo.Numbers
            where   n <= convert(int, len(@Input)) and
                    substring(@Delimiter + @Input, n, 1) = @Delimiter
        )
    go

使用情况(在我的笔记本电脑上40秒内输出3mil行)

    select * 
    from #yak 
    cross apply dbo.ufn_ParseArray(array, ',', 1)

清理

    drop table dbo.Numbers;
    drop function  [dbo].[ufn_ParseArray]

这里的性能并不惊人，但在100万行表上调用函数并不是最好的主意。如果将字符串拆分到多行，我会避免使用该函数。

修改@Aaron Bertrand的功能

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString]
(
    @List NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @Delim VARCHAR(255),
    @Idx int
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(1000)
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @ValueTable TABLE(String NVARCHAR(50), Ind int)
    DECLARE @Value NVARCHAR(50)
    BEGIN
    INSERT INTO @ValueTable
    SELECT Value, idx FROM
        (SELECT [Value], idx = RANK() OVER (ORDER BY n) FROM 
              ( 
                SELECT n = Number, 
                [Value] = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(@List, [Number],
                CHARINDEX(@Delim, @List + @Delim, [Number]) - [Number])))
                FROM    
                        (SELECT Number = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name)
                         FROM sys.all_objects) AS x
                WHERE Number <= LEN(@List)
                AND SUBSTRING(@Delim + @List, [Number], LEN(@Delim)) = @Delim
              ) AS y
          ) AS R WHERE idx = @Idx
    SET @Value = (SELECT String FROM @ValueTable)
    END
    RETURN @Value
END
GO

几乎所有其他答案都是替换正在分割的字符串，这浪费了CPU周期并执行不必要的内存分配。

我在这里介绍了一种更好的进行字符串拆分的方法:http://www.digitalruby.com/split-string-sql-server/

代码如下:

SET NOCOUNT ON

-- You will want to change nvarchar(MAX) to nvarchar(50), varchar(50) or whatever matches exactly with the string column you will be searching against
DECLARE @SplitStringTable TABLE (Value nvarchar(MAX) NOT NULL)
DECLARE @StringToSplit nvarchar(MAX) = 'your|string|to|split|here'
DECLARE @SplitEndPos int
DECLARE @SplitValue nvarchar(MAX)
DECLARE @SplitDelim nvarchar(1) = '|'
DECLARE @SplitStartPos int = 1

SET @SplitEndPos = CHARINDEX(@SplitDelim, @StringToSplit, @SplitStartPos)

WHILE @SplitEndPos > 0
BEGIN
    SET @SplitValue = SUBSTRING(@StringToSplit, @SplitStartPos, (@SplitEndPos - @SplitStartPos))
    INSERT @SplitStringTable (Value) VALUES (@SplitValue)
    SET @SplitStartPos = @SplitEndPos + 1
    SET @SplitEndPos = CHARINDEX(@SplitDelim, @StringToSplit, @SplitStartPos)
END

SET @SplitValue = SUBSTRING(@StringToSplit, @SplitStartPos, 2147483647)
INSERT @SplitStringTable (Value) VALUES(@SplitValue)

SET NOCOUNT OFF

-- You can select or join with the values in @SplitStringTable at this point.

如果数据库的兼容性级别为130或更高，则可以使用STRING_SPLIT函数和OFFSET FETCH子句按索引获取特定的项。

要获得索引N(从零开始)的项，可以使用以下代码

SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Hello John Smith',' ')
ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)
OFFSET N ROWS
FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY

要检查数据库的兼容性级别，执行以下代码:

SELECT compatibility_level  
FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'YourDBName';

这里有一个UDF可以做到这一点。它将返回一个带分隔符的值的表，我还没有尝试所有的场景，但您的示例工作良好。

CREATE FUNCTION SplitString 
(
    -- Add the parameters for the function here
    @myString varchar(500),
    @deliminator varchar(10)
)
RETURNS 
@ReturnTable TABLE 
(
    -- Add the column definitions for the TABLE variable here
    [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [part] [varchar](50) NULL
)
AS
BEGIN
        Declare @iSpaces int
        Declare @part varchar(50)

        --initialize spaces
        Select @iSpaces = charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)
        While @iSpaces > 0

        Begin
            Select @part = substring(@myString,0,charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0))

            Insert Into @ReturnTable(part)
            Select @part

    Select @myString = substring(@mystring,charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)+ len(@deliminator),len(@myString) - charindex(' ',@myString,0))


            Select @iSpaces = charindex(@deliminator,@myString,0)
        end

        If len(@myString) > 0
            Insert Into @ReturnTable
            Select @myString

    RETURN 
END
GO

你可以这样称呼它:

Select * From SplitString('Hello John Smith',' ')

编辑:使用len>1处理分隔符的更新解决方案如下:

select * From SplitString('Hello**John**Smith','**')