使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
当前回答
如果数据库的兼容性级别为130或更高,则可以使用STRING_SPLIT函数和OFFSET FETCH子句按索引获取特定的项。
要获得索引N(从零开始)的项,可以使用以下代码
SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Hello John Smith',' ')
ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)
OFFSET N ROWS
FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY
要检查数据库的兼容性级别,执行以下代码:
SELECT compatibility_level
FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'YourDBName';
其他回答
使用STRING_SPLIT的现代方法需要SQL Server 2016及以上版本。
DECLARE @string varchar(100) = 'Hello John Smith'
SELECT
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value) AS RowNr,
value
FROM string_split(@string, ' ')
结果:
RowNr value
1 Hello
2 John
3 Smith
现在可以从行号中得到第n个元素。
你可以在SQL用户定义函数解析带分隔符的字符串中找到有用的解决方案(来自代码项目)。
你可以使用这个简单的逻辑:
Declare @products varchar(200) = '1|20|3|343|44|6|8765'
Declare @individual varchar(20) = null
WHILE LEN(@products) > 0
BEGIN
IF PATINDEX('%|%', @products) > 0
BEGIN
SET @individual = SUBSTRING(@products,
0,
PATINDEX('%|%', @products))
SELECT @individual
SET @products = SUBSTRING(@products,
LEN(@individual + '|') + 1,
LEN(@products))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @individual = @products
SET @products = NULL
SELECT @individual
END
END
首先,创建一个函数(使用CTE,公共表表达式不再需要临时表)
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(4000),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
1,
1,
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 zeroBasedOccurance,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE 4000 end)
AS s
from tokens
)
GO
然后,像这样使用它作为任何表(或修改它以适应现有存储的proc)。
select s
from dbo.SplitString('Hello John Smith', ' ')
where zeroBasedOccurance=1
更新
以前的版本将失败的输入字符串长度超过4000个字符。这个版本考虑到了以下限制:
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(max),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
cast(1 as bigint),
cast(1 as bigint),
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 ItemIndex,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE LEN(@str) end)
AS s
from tokens
);
GO
用法不变。
Alter Function dbo.fn_Split
(
@Expression nvarchar(max),
@Delimiter nvarchar(20) = ',',
@Qualifier char(1) = Null
)
RETURNS @Results TABLE (id int IDENTITY(1,1), value nvarchar(max))
AS
BEGIN
/* USAGE
Select * From dbo.fn_Split('apple pear grape banana orange honeydew cantalope 3 2 1 4', ' ', Null)
Select * From dbo.fn_Split('1,abc,"Doe, John",4', ',', '"')
Select * From dbo.fn_Split('Hello 0,"&""&&&&', ',', '"')
*/
-- Declare Variables
DECLARE
@X xml,
@Temp nvarchar(max),
@Temp2 nvarchar(max),
@Start int,
@End int
-- HTML Encode @Expression
Select @Expression = (Select @Expression For XML Path(''))
-- Find all occurences of @Delimiter within @Qualifier and replace with |||***|||
While PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Expression) > 0 AND Len(IsNull(@Qualifier, '')) > 0
BEGIN
Select
-- Starting character position of @Qualifier
@Start = PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Expression),
-- @Expression starting at the @Start position
@Temp = SubString(@Expression, @Start + 1, LEN(@Expression)-@Start+1),
-- Next position of @Qualifier within @Expression
@End = PATINDEX('%' + @Qualifier + '%', @Temp) - 1,
-- The part of Expression found between the @Qualifiers
@Temp2 = Case When @End < 0 Then @Temp Else Left(@Temp, @End) End,
-- New @Expression
@Expression = REPLACE(@Expression,
@Qualifier + @Temp2 + Case When @End < 0 Then '' Else @Qualifier End,
Replace(@Temp2, @Delimiter, '|||***|||')
)
END
-- Replace all occurences of @Delimiter within @Expression with '</fn_Split><fn_Split>'
-- And convert it to XML so we can select from it
SET
@X = Cast('<fn_Split>' +
Replace(@Expression, @Delimiter, '</fn_Split><fn_Split>') +
'</fn_Split>' as xml)
-- Insert into our returnable table replacing '|||***|||' back to @Delimiter
INSERT @Results
SELECT
"Value" = LTRIM(RTrim(Replace(C.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)'), '|||***|||', @Delimiter)))
FROM
@X.nodes('fn_Split') as X(C)
-- Return our temp table
RETURN
END
如果任何人只想获得分离文本的一部分,可以使用这个
select * from from splitstringsep ('Word1 word2 word3',' ')
CREATE function [dbo].[SplitStringSep]
(
@str nvarchar(4000),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
1,
1,
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 zeroBasedOccurance,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE 4000 end)
AS s
from tokens
)