使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
当前回答
I realize this is a really old question, but starting with SQL Server 2016 there are functions for parsing JSON data that can be used to specifically address the OP's question--and without splitting strings or resorting to a user-defined function. To access an item at a particular index of a delimited string, use the JSON_VALUE function. Properly formatted JSON data is required, however: strings must be enclosed in double quotes " and the delimiter must be a comma ,, with the entire string enclosed in square brackets [].
DECLARE @SampleString NVARCHAR(MAX) = '"Hello John Smith"';
--Format as JSON data.
SET @SampleString = '[' + REPLACE(@SampleString, ' ', '","') + ']';
SELECT
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[0]') AS Element1Value,
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[1]') AS Element2Value,
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[2]') AS Element3Value;
输出
Element1Value Element2Value Element3Value
--------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------
Hello John Smith
(1 row affected)
其他回答
使用STRING_SPLIT的现代方法需要SQL Server 2016及以上版本。
DECLARE @string varchar(100) = 'Hello John Smith'
SELECT
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY value) AS RowNr,
value
FROM string_split(@string, ' ')
结果:
RowNr value
1 Hello
2 John
3 Smith
现在可以从行号中得到第n个元素。
下面是一个函数,它将完成问题的目标,即分割字符串并访问项目X:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString]
(
@List VARCHAR(MAX),
@Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
@ElementNumber INT
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @inp VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @inp = (SELECT REPLACE(@List,@Delimiter,'_DELMTR_') FOR XML PATH(''))
DECLARE @xml XML
SET @xml = '<split><el>' + REPLACE(@inp,'_DELMTR_','</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
DECLARE @ret VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @ret = (SELECT
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
FROM @xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("@elementnumber")]') split(el))
RETURN @ret
END
用法:
SELECT dbo.SplitString('Hello John Smith', ' ', 2)
结果:
John
我知道已经晚了,但我最近有了这个需求,并提出了下面的代码。我没有选择使用用户定义的函数。希望这能有所帮助。
SELECT
SUBSTRING(
SUBSTRING('Hello John Smith' ,0,CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith',CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith')+1)
),CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith'),LEN('Hello John Smith')
)
如果你查看下面关于使用SQL分割字符串的SQL教程,你会发现许多函数可以用于在SQL Server上分割给定的字符串
例如,SplitAndReturnNth UDF函数可用于使用分隔符分割文本,并将第n块作为函数的输出返回
select dbo.SplitAndReturnNth('Hello John Smith',' ',2)
你可以在SQL用户定义函数解析带分隔符的字符串中找到有用的解决方案(来自代码项目)。
你可以使用这个简单的逻辑:
Declare @products varchar(200) = '1|20|3|343|44|6|8765'
Declare @individual varchar(20) = null
WHILE LEN(@products) > 0
BEGIN
IF PATINDEX('%|%', @products) > 0
BEGIN
SET @individual = SUBSTRING(@products,
0,
PATINDEX('%|%', @products))
SELECT @individual
SET @products = SUBSTRING(@products,
LEN(@individual + '|') + 1,
LEN(@products))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @individual = @products
SET @products = NULL
SELECT @individual
END
END