我注意到在有效的STL

向量是这样一种序列 默认情况下应该使用。

这是什么意思?似乎忽略效率向量可以做任何事情。

谁能给我一个场景,其中向量不是一个可行的选择,但必须使用列表?


当前回答

想要重复将大量项插入序列末尾以外的任何位置的情况。

看看每种不同类型的容器的复杂度保证:

标准容器的复杂性保证是什么?

其他回答

当你在序列中间有很多插入或删除时。例如,内存管理器。

列表只是stl中double - linkedlist的包装器,因此提供了您可能希望从d-linklist中获得的功能,即O(1)插入和删除。 向量是具有传染性的数据序列,其工作方式类似于动态数组。S-更容易遍历。

std::vector std::list
Contiguous memory. Non-contiguous memory.
Pre-allocates space for future elements, so extra space required beyond what's necessary for the elements themselves. No pre-allocated memory. The memory overhead for the list itself is constant.
Each element only requires the space for the element type itself (no extra pointers). Each element requires extra space for the node which holds the element, including pointers to the next and previous elements in the list.
Can re-allocate memory for the entire vector any time that you add an element. Never has to re-allocate memory for the whole list just because you add an element.
Insertions at the end are constant, amortized time, but insertions elsewhere are a costly O(n). Insertions and erasures are cheap no matter where in the list they occur.
Erasures at the end of the vector are constant time, but for the rest it's O(n). It's cheap to combine lists with splicing.
You can randomly access its elements. You cannot randomly access elements, so getting at a particular element in the list can be expensive.
Iterators are invalidated if you add or remove elements to or from the vector. Iterators remain valid even when you add or remove elements from the list.
You can easily get at the underlying array if you need an array of the elements. If you need an array of the elements, you'll have to create a new one and add them all to it, since there is no underlying array.

一般来说,当你不关心你使用的是哪种类型的顺序容器时,使用vector,但如果你在容器的任何地方做很多插入或擦除,而不是在末尾,你就会想要使用list。如果你需要随机访问,你就需要向量,而不是列表。除此之外,在某些情况下,根据应用程序需要其中一个或另一个,但一般来说,这些都是很好的指导原则。

想要重复将大量项插入序列末尾以外的任何位置的情况。

看看每种不同类型的容器的复杂度保证:

标准容器的复杂性保证是什么?

任何时候都不能使迭代器失效。