自定义序列化和反序列化。

"from_json"(类方法)基于json数据构建一个Model对象。

“反序列化”只能在实例上调用，并将json中的所有数据合并到Model实例中。

"serialize" -递归序列化

需要__write_only__属性来定义只写属性(例如“password_hash”)。

class Serializable(object):
    __exclude__ = ('id',)
    __include__ = ()
    __write_only__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def from_json(cls, json, selfObj=None):
        if selfObj is None:
            self = cls()
        else:
            self = selfObj
        exclude = (cls.__exclude__ or ()) + Serializable.__exclude__
        include = cls.__include__ or ()
        if json:
            for prop, value in json.iteritems():
                # ignore all non user data, e.g. only
                if (not (prop in exclude) | (prop in include)) and isinstance(
                        getattr(cls, prop, None), QueryableAttribute):
                    setattr(self, prop, value)
        return self

    def deserialize(self, json):
        if not json:
            return None
        return self.__class__.from_json(json, selfObj=self)

    @classmethod
    def serialize_list(cls, object_list=[]):
        output = []
        for li in object_list:
            if isinstance(li, Serializable):
                output.append(li.serialize())
            else:
                output.append(li)
        return output

    def serialize(self, **kwargs):

        # init write only props
        if len(getattr(self.__class__, '__write_only__', ())) == 0:
            self.__class__.__write_only__ = ()
        dictionary = {}
        expand = kwargs.get('expand', ()) or ()
        prop = 'props'
        if expand:
            # expand all the fields
            for key in expand:
                getattr(self, key)
        iterable = self.__dict__.items()
        is_custom_property_set = False
        # include only properties passed as parameter
        if (prop in kwargs) and (kwargs.get(prop, None) is not None):
            is_custom_property_set = True
            iterable = kwargs.get(prop, None)
        # loop trough all accessible properties
        for key in iterable:
            accessor = key
            if isinstance(key, tuple):
                accessor = key[0]
            if not (accessor in self.__class__.__write_only__) and not accessor.startswith('_'):
                # force select from db to be able get relationships
                if is_custom_property_set:
                    getattr(self, accessor, None)
                if isinstance(self.__dict__.get(accessor), list):
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__class__.serialize_list(object_list=self.__dict__.get(accessor))
                # check if those properties are read only
                elif isinstance(self.__dict__.get(accessor), Serializable):
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__dict__.get(accessor).serialize()
                else:
                    dictionary[accessor] = self.__dict__.get(accessor)
        return dictionary

你可以像这样将RowProxy转换为dict:

 d = dict(row.items())

然后将其序列化为JSON(必须为datetime值等指定编码器) 如果您只想要一条记录(而不是相关记录的完整层次结构)，这并不难。

json.dumps([(dict(row.items())) for row in rs])

class SqlToDict:
    def __init__(self, data) -> None:
        self.data = data

    def to_timestamp(self, date):
        if isinstance(date, datetime):
            return int(datetime.timestamp(date))
        else:
            return date

    def to_dict(self) -> List:
        arr = []
        for i in self.data:
            keys = [*i.keys()]
            values = [*i]
            values = [self.to_timestamp(d) for d in values]
            arr.append(dict(zip(keys, values)))
        return arr

例如:

SqlToDict(data).to_dict()

我已经成功地使用了这个包:https://github.com/n0nSmoker/SQLAlchemy-serializer

你可以在模型上这样做:

from sqlalchemy_serializer import SerializerMixin

class SomeModel(db.Model, SerializerMixin):
    ...

它添加了完全递归的to_dict:

item = SomeModel.query.filter(...).one()
result = item.to_dict()

它可以让你制定规则来避免无限递归:

result = item.to_dict(rules=('-somefield', '-some_relation.nested_one.another_nested_one'))

扁平化实现

你可以使用这样的代码:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            # an SQLAlchemy class
            fields = {}
            for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                data = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                try:
                    json.dumps(data) # this will fail on non-encodable values, like other classes
                    fields[field] = data
                except TypeError:
                    fields[field] = None
            # a json-encodable dict
            return fields

        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

然后转换为JSON使用:

c = YourAlchemyClass()
print json.dumps(c, cls=AlchemyEncoder)

它将忽略不可编码的字段(将它们设置为“None”)。

它不会自动展开关系(因为这可能导致自引用，并永远循环)。

递归的非循环实现

然而，如果你宁愿永远循环，你可以使用:

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

def new_alchemy_encoder():
    _visited_objs = []

    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, obj):
            if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                # don't re-visit self
                if obj in _visited_objs:
                    return None
                _visited_objs.append(obj)

                # an SQLAlchemy class
                fields = {}
                for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                    fields[field] = obj.__getattribute__(field)
                # a json-encodable dict
                return fields

            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    return AlchemyEncoder

然后对对象进行编码，使用:

print json.dumps(e, cls=new_alchemy_encoder(), check_circular=False)

这将编码所有的子代、子代、子代……基本上可以编码你的整个数据库。当它到达之前编码过的东西时，它会将其编码为“None”。

递归的、可能是循环的、有选择的实现

另一种选择，可能更好，是能够指定你想要展开的字段:

def new_alchemy_encoder(revisit_self = False, fields_to_expand = []):
    _visited_objs = []

    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, obj):
            if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                # don't re-visit self
                if revisit_self:
                    if obj in _visited_objs:
                        return None
                    _visited_objs.append(obj)

                # go through each field in this SQLalchemy class
                fields = {}
                for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
                    val = obj.__getattribute__(field)

                    # is this field another SQLalchemy object, or a list of SQLalchemy objects?
                    if isinstance(val.__class__, DeclarativeMeta) or (isinstance(val, list) and len(val) > 0 and isinstance(val[0].__class__, DeclarativeMeta)):
                        # unless we're expanding this field, stop here
                        if field not in fields_to_expand:
                            # not expanding this field: set it to None and continue
                            fields[field] = None
                            continue

                    fields[field] = val
                # a json-encodable dict
                return fields

            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    return AlchemyEncoder

你现在可以调用它:

print json.dumps(e, cls=new_alchemy_encoder(False, ['parents']), check_circular=False)

例如，仅展开名为“parents”的SQLAlchemy字段。

在Flask下，它工作并处理datatime字段，转换类型字段 “时间”:datetime。Datetime(2018, 3, 22, 15, 40)成 “时间”:“2018-03-22 15:40:00”:

obj = {c.name: str(getattr(self, c.name)) for c in self.__table__.columns}

# This to get the JSON body
return json.dumps(obj)

# Or this to get a response object
return jsonify(obj)