我有一个包含15个数字的列表,我需要编写一些代码来生成这些数字的所有32,768种组合。
我已经找到了一些代码(通过谷歌搜索),显然做了我正在寻找的,但我发现代码相当不透明,并谨慎使用它。而且我觉得肯定有更优雅的解决方案。
我唯一想到的就是循环十进制整数1-32768并将其转换为二进制,并使用二进制表示作为筛选器来挑选适当的数字。
有人知道更好的办法吗?使用map(),也许?
我有一个包含15个数字的列表,我需要编写一些代码来生成这些数字的所有32,768种组合。
我已经找到了一些代码(通过谷歌搜索),显然做了我正在寻找的,但我发现代码相当不透明,并谨慎使用它。而且我觉得肯定有更优雅的解决方案。
我唯一想到的就是循环十进制整数1-32768并将其转换为二进制,并使用二进制表示作为筛选器来挑选适当的数字。
有人知道更好的办法吗?使用map(),也许?
当前回答
这是我的实现
def get_combinations(list_of_things):
"""gets every combination of things in a list returned as a list of lists
Should be read : add all combinations of a certain size to the end of a list for every possible size in the
the list_of_things.
"""
list_of_combinations = [list(combinations_of_a_certain_size)
for possible_size_of_combinations in range(1, len(list_of_things))
for combinations_of_a_certain_size in itertools.combinations(list_of_things,
possible_size_of_combinations)]
return list_of_combinations
其他回答
我想我应该为那些寻求答案的人添加这个函数,而不需要导入itertools或任何其他额外的库。
def powerSet(items):
"""
Power set generator: get all possible combinations of a list’s elements
Input:
items is a list
Output:
returns 2**n combination lists one at a time using a generator
Reference: edx.org 6.00.2x Lecture 2 - Decision Trees and dynamic programming
"""
N = len(items)
# enumerate the 2**N possible combinations
for i in range(2**N):
combo = []
for j in range(N):
# test bit jth of integer i
if (i >> j) % 2 == 1:
combo.append(items[j])
yield combo
简单Yield Generator用法:
for i in powerSet([1,2,3,4]):
print (i, ", ", end="")
以上用法示例的输出:
[], [1], [2], [1, 2], [3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [4]. [1, 4], [2, 4], [1, 2, 4], [3, 4], [1, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4],
这段代码采用了一个简单的嵌套列表算法…
# FUNCTION getCombos: To generate all combos of an input list, consider the following sets of nested lists...
#
# [ [ [] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B] ], [ [A,B] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C] ], [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C] ], [ [A,B,C] ] ]
# [ [ [] ], [ [A],[B],[C],[D] ], [ [A,B],[A,C],[B,C],[A,D],[B,D],[C,D] ], [ [A,B,C],[A,B,D],[A,C,D],[B,C,D] ], [ [A,B,C,D] ] ]
#
# There is a set of lists for each number of items that will occur in a combo (including an empty set).
# For each additional item, begin at the back of the list by adding an empty list, then taking the set of
# lists in the previous column (e.g., in the last list, for sets of 3 items you take the existing set of
# 3-item lists and append to it additional lists created by appending the item (4) to the lists in the
# next smallest item count set. In this case, for the three sets of 2-items in the previous list. Repeat
# for each set of lists back to the initial list containing just the empty list.
#
def getCombos(listIn = ['A','B','C','D','E','F'] ):
listCombos = [ [ [] ] ] # list of lists of combos, seeded with a list containing only the empty list
listSimple = [] # list to contain the final returned list of items (e.g., characters)
for item in listIn:
listCombos.append([]) # append an emtpy list to the end for each new item added
for index in xrange(len(listCombos)-1, 0, -1): # set the index range to work through the list
for listPrev in listCombos[index-1]: # retrieve the lists from the previous column
listCur = listPrev[:] # create a new temporary list object to update
listCur.append(item) # add the item to the previous list to make it current
listCombos[index].append(listCur) # list length and append it to the current list
itemCombo = '' # Create a str to concatenate list items into a str
for item in listCur: # concatenate the members of the lists to create
itemCombo += item # create a string of items
listSimple.append(itemCombo) # add to the final output list
return [listSimple, listCombos]
# END getCombos()
如果有人正在寻找一个反向列表,就像我一样:
stuff = [1, 2, 3, 4]
def reverse(bla, y):
for subset in itertools.combinations(bla, len(bla)-y):
print list(subset)
if y != len(bla):
y += 1
reverse(bla, y)
reverse(stuff, 1)
来自itertools的组合
import itertools
col_names = ["aa","bb", "cc", "dd"]
all_combinations = itertools.chain(*[itertools.combinations(col_names,i+1) for i,_ in enumerate(col_names)])
print(list(all_combinations))
我知道使用itertools来获得所有的组合要实际得多,但是如果你碰巧想要,假设你想要编写很多代码,你可以只使用列表理解来部分实现这一点
对于两对组合:
lambda l: [(a, b) for i, a in enumerate(l) for b in l[i+1:]]
而且,对于三对组合,它是这样简单的:
lambda l: [(a, b, c) for i, a in enumerate(l) for ii, b in enumerate(l[i+1:]) for c in l[i+ii+2:]]
结果和使用itertools.combination是一样的:
import itertools
combs_3 = lambda l: [
(a, b, c) for i, a in enumerate(l)
for ii, b in enumerate(l[i+1:])
for c in l[i+ii+2:]
]
data = ((1, 2), 5, "a", None)
print("A:", list(itertools.combinations(data, 3)))
print("B:", combs_3(data))
# A: [((1, 2), 5, 'a'), ((1, 2), 5, None), ((1, 2), 'a', None), (5, 'a', None)]
# B: [((1, 2), 5, 'a'), ((1, 2), 5, None), ((1, 2), 'a', None), (5, 'a', None)]