library <- function(x){
  x = toString(substitute(x))
if(!require(x,character.only=TRUE)){
  install.packages(x)
  base::library(x,character.only=TRUE)
}}

这适用于不带引号的包名，并且相当优雅(参见GeoObserver的答案)

此解决方案将获取包名的字符向量并尝试加载它们，或者在加载失败时安装它们。它依赖于require的返回行为来做到这一点，因为…

Require返回(不可见的)一个逻辑，指示所需的包是否可用

因此，我们可以简单地查看是否能够加载所需的包，如果不能，则使用依赖项安装它。所以给定一个你想要加载的包的字符向量…

foo <- function(x){
  for( i in x ){
    #  require returns TRUE invisibly if it was able to load package
    if( ! require( i , character.only = TRUE ) ){
      #  If package was not able to be loaded then re-install
      install.packages( i , dependencies = TRUE )
      #  Load package after installing
      require( i , character.only = TRUE )
    }
  }
}

#  Then try/install packages...
foo( c("ggplot2" , "reshape2" , "data.table" ) )

上面的许多答案(以及这个问题的副本)依赖于安装。包装是不好的形式。从文档中可以看到:

当安装了数千个包时，这可能会很慢，所以不要使用它来查找是否安装了指定的包(使用system. exe)。或者查找一个包是否可用(调用require并检查返回值)，或者查找少量包的详细信息(使用packageDescription)。每个安装的包需要读取几个文件，这在Windows和一些网络挂载的文件系统上会很慢。

因此，更好的方法是尝试使用require和install加载包，如果加载失败(如果没有找到require将返回FALSE)。我更喜欢这样的实现:

using<-function(...) {
    libs<-unlist(list(...))
    req<-unlist(lapply(libs,require,character.only=TRUE))
    need<-libs[req==FALSE]
    if(length(need)>0){ 
        install.packages(need)
        lapply(need,require,character.only=TRUE)
    }
}

可以这样使用:

using("RCurl","ggplot2","jsonlite","magrittr")

通过这种方式，它加载所有的包，然后返回并安装所有丢失的包(如果您愿意，可以在这里插入提示，询问用户是否想要安装包)。而不是调用install。对于每个包，它只传递一次卸载包的整个向量。

下面是相同的函数，但是有一个窗口对话框，询问用户是否想要安装缺少的包

using<-function(...) {
    libs<-unlist(list(...))
    req<-unlist(lapply(libs,require,character.only=TRUE))
    need<-libs[req==FALSE]
    n<-length(need)
    if(n>0){
        libsmsg<-if(n>2) paste(paste(need[1:(n-1)],collapse=", "),",",sep="") else need[1]
        print(libsmsg)
        if(n>1){
            libsmsg<-paste(libsmsg," and ", need[n],sep="")
        }
        libsmsg<-paste("The following packages could not be found: ",libsmsg,"\n\r\n\rInstall missing packages?",collapse="")
        if(winDialog(type = c("yesno"), libsmsg)=="YES"){       
            install.packages(need)
            lapply(need,require,character.only=TRUE)
        }
    }
}

library <- function(x){
  x = toString(substitute(x))
if(!require(x,character.only=TRUE)){
  install.packages(x)
  base::library(x,character.only=TRUE)
}}

这适用于不带引号的包名，并且相当优雅(参见GeoObserver的答案)

您可以简单地使用setdiff函数获取未安装的包，然后安装它们。在下面的示例中，我们在安装ggplot2和Rcpp包之前检查它们是否已经安装。

unavailable <- setdiff(c("ggplot2", "Rcpp"), rownames(installed.packages()))
install.packages(unavailable)

在一行中，上面的内容可以写成:

install.packages(setdiff(c("ggplot2", "Rcpp"), rownames(installed.packages())))

使用packrat使共享库完全相同，而不会改变其他环境。

就优雅和最佳实践而言，我认为你从根本上走错了方向。打包程序就是为这些问题而设计的。它是由RStudio由Hadley Wickham开发的。packrat使用自己的目录，将您的程序的所有依赖项安装在其中，而不涉及别人的环境，这样他们就不必安装依赖项并可能弄乱别人的环境系统。

Packrat is a dependency management system for R. R package dependencies can be frustrating. Have you ever had to use trial-and-error to figure out what R packages you need to install to make someone else’s code work–and then been left with those packages globally installed forever, because now you’re not sure whether you need them? Have you ever updated a package to get code in one of your projects to work, only to find that the updated package makes code in another project stop working? We built packrat to solve these problems. Use packrat to make your R projects more: Isolated: Installing a new or updated package for one project won’t break your other projects, and vice versa. That’s because packrat gives each project its own private package library. Portable: Easily transport your projects from one computer to another, even across different platforms. Packrat makes it easy to install the packages your project depends on. Reproducible: Packrat records the exact package versions you depend on, and ensures those exact versions are the ones that get installed wherever you go.

https://rstudio.github.io/packrat/