如果您的字段类型是json，下面将为您工作。

UPDATE 
table_name
SET field_name = field_name::jsonb - 'key' || '{"key":new_val}' 
WHERE field_name->>'key' = 'old_value'.

操作符“-”从左操作数中删除键/值对或字符串元素。键/值对根据键值进行匹配。

运算符'||'将两个jsonb值连接成一个新的jsonb值。

因为这些都是jsonb操作符，你只需要将它们类型转换为::jsonb

更多信息:JSON函数和操作符

你可以在这里阅读我的笔记

我发现以前的答案更适合有经验的PostgreSQL用户。这是给初学者的:

假设你有一个JSONB类型的表列，值如下:

{
    "key0": {
        "key01": "2018-05-06T12:36:11.916761+00:00",
        "key02": "DEFAULT_WEB_CONFIGURATION",
        
    "key1": {
        "key11": "Data System",
        "key12": "<p>Health,<p>my address<p>USA",
        "key13": "*Please refer to main screen labeling"
    }
}

让我们假设我们想在行中设置一个新值:

"key13": "*Please refer to main screen labeling"

取而代之的是放置值:

"key13": "See main screen labeling"

我们使用json_set()函数将一个新值赋给key13

jsonb_set()的参数

jsonb_set(target jsonb, path text[], new_value jsonb[, create_missing boolean])

在“target”-我将放置jsonb column-name(这是正在修改的表列)

"path"-是指向(包括)我们要覆盖的键的"json keys路径"

"new_value" -这是我们分配的新值

在我们的例子中，我们想要更新位于key1下的key13的值(key1 -> key13):

因此路径语法是:'{key1,key13}' (路径是最棘手的部分-因为教程是可怕的)

jsonb_set(jsonb_column,'{key1,key13}','"See main screen labeling"')

你可以尝试更新如下:

格式:UPDATE table_name SET column_name = column_name::jsonb || '{"key":new_value}' WHERE column_name条件;

举个例子:

UPDATE test SET data = data::jsonb || '{"a":new_value}' WHERE data->>'b' = '2';

你觉得这个解决办法怎么样?

它将添加新值或更新现有值。

编辑:编辑后使其与null和空对象一起工作

Edit2:编辑使它与对象中的对象一起工作…

create or replace function updateJsonb(object1 json, object2 json)
returns jsonb
language plpgsql
as
$$
declare
    result jsonb;
    tempObj1 text;
    tempObj2 text;

begin
    tempObj1 = substr(object1::text, 2, length(object1::text) - 2); --remove the first { and last }
    tempObj2 = substr(object2::text, 2, length(object2::text) - 2); --remove the first { and last }

    IF object1::text != '{}' and object1::text != 'null' and object1::text != '[]' THEN
        result = ('{' || tempObj1 || ',' || tempObj2 || '}')::jsonb;
    ELSE
        result = ('{' || tempObj2 || '}')::jsonb;
    END IF;
    return result;
end;
$$;

用法:

update table_name
set data = updatejsonb(data, '{"test": "ok"}'::json)

我为自己写了一个小函数，在Postgres 9.4中递归地工作。下面是函数(我希望它对你有用):

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION jsonb_update(val1 JSONB,val2 JSONB)
RETURNS JSONB AS $$
DECLARE
    result JSONB;
    v RECORD;
BEGIN
    IF jsonb_typeof(val2) = 'null'
    THEN 
        RETURN val1;
    END IF;

    result = val1;

    FOR v IN SELECT key, value FROM jsonb_each(val2) LOOP

        IF jsonb_typeof(val2->v.key) = 'object'
            THEN
                result = result || jsonb_build_object(v.key, jsonb_update(val1->v.key, val2->v.key));
            ELSE
                result = result || jsonb_build_object(v.key, v.value);
        END IF;
    END LOOP;

    RETURN result;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

下面是使用示例:

select jsonb_update('{"a":{"b":{"c":{"d":5,"dd":6},"cc":1}},"aaa":5}'::jsonb, '{"a":{"b":{"c":{"d":15}}},"aa":9}'::jsonb);
                            jsonb_update                             
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 {"a": {"b": {"c": {"d": 15, "dd": 6}, "cc": 1}}, "aa": 9, "aaa": 5}
(1 row)

正如你所看到的，它深入分析并在需要的地方更新/添加值。

在PostgreSQL 9.4中，我们实现了以下python函数。它也可以用于PostgreSQL 9.3。

create language plpython2u;

create or replace function json_set(jdata jsonb, jpaths jsonb, jvalue jsonb) returns jsonb as $$
import json

a = json.loads(jdata)
b = json.loads(jpaths)

if a.__class__.__name__ != 'dict' and a.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
  raise plpy.Error("The json data must be an object or a string.")

if b.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
   raise plpy.Error("The json path must be an array of paths to traverse.")

c = a
for i in range(0, len(b)):
  p = b[i]
  plpy.notice('p == ' + str(p))

  if i == len(b) - 1:
    c[p] = json.loads(jvalue)

  else:
    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'unicode':
      plpy.notice("Traversing '" + p + "'")
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'dict':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a dictionary.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'int':
      plpy.notice("Traversing " + str(p))
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a list.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if c is None:
      break    

return json.dumps(a)
$$ language plpython2u ;

使用示例:

create table jsonb_table (jsonb_column jsonb);
insert into jsonb_table values
('{"cars":["Jaguar", {"type":"Unknown","partsList":[12, 34, 56]}, "Atom"]}');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

update jsonb_table
set jsonb_column = json_set(jsonb_column, '["cars",1,"partsList",2]', '99');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

Note that for a previous employer, I have written a set of C functions for manipulating JSON data as text (not as a json or jsonb type) for PostgreSQL 7, 8 and 9. For example, extracting data with json_path('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']'), setting data with json_path_set('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']', '99.87') and so on. It took about 3 days work, so if you need it to run on legacy systems and have the time to spare, it may be worth the effort. I imagine the C version is much faster than the python version.