遗憾的是，我没有在文档中找到任何东西，但您可以使用一些变通方法，例如您可以编写一些扩展函数。

例如，在Python中:

CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION json_update(data json, key text, value json)
returns json
as $$
from json import loads, dumps
if key is None: return data
js = loads(data)
js[key] = value
return dumps(js)
$$ language plpython3u

然后

update test set data=json_update(data, 'a', to_json(5)) where data->>'b' = '2';

如果你想在你的JSON更新命令中使用其他列的值，你可以使用字符串连接:

UPDATE table
SET column1 = column1::jsonb - 'key' || ('{"key": ' || column2::text ||  '}')::jsonb
where ...;

你也可以像这样在jsonb中原子地增加键:

UPDATE users SET counters = counters || CONCAT('{"bar":', COALESCE(counters->>'bar','0')::int + 1, '}')::jsonb WHERE id = 1;

SELECT * FROM users;

 id |    counters
----+------------
  1 | {"bar": 1}

>假设起始值为0。

更详细的解释，请看我的回答:https://stackoverflow.com/a/39076637

这个解决方案是jsonb_set的替代方案，即使JSONB的列中有NULL，它也能工作。只有当对象存在时，jsonb_set才有效。

在下面的示例中，settings是用户表上的JSONB列。

 UPDATE public."Users"
 SET settings = coalesce("settings", '{}')::jsonb || '{ "KeyToSet" : "ValueToSet" }'
 WHERE id=35877;

在PostgreSQL 9.4中，我们实现了以下python函数。它也可以用于PostgreSQL 9.3。

create language plpython2u;

create or replace function json_set(jdata jsonb, jpaths jsonb, jvalue jsonb) returns jsonb as $$
import json

a = json.loads(jdata)
b = json.loads(jpaths)

if a.__class__.__name__ != 'dict' and a.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
  raise plpy.Error("The json data must be an object or a string.")

if b.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
   raise plpy.Error("The json path must be an array of paths to traverse.")

c = a
for i in range(0, len(b)):
  p = b[i]
  plpy.notice('p == ' + str(p))

  if i == len(b) - 1:
    c[p] = json.loads(jvalue)

  else:
    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'unicode':
      plpy.notice("Traversing '" + p + "'")
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'dict':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a dictionary.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if p.__class__.__name__ == 'int':
      plpy.notice("Traversing " + str(p))
      if c.__class__.__name__ != 'list':
        raise plpy.Error("  The value here is not a list.")
      else:
        c = c[p]

    if c is None:
      break    

return json.dumps(a)
$$ language plpython2u ;

使用示例:

create table jsonb_table (jsonb_column jsonb);
insert into jsonb_table values
('{"cars":["Jaguar", {"type":"Unknown","partsList":[12, 34, 56]}, "Atom"]}');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

update jsonb_table
set jsonb_column = json_set(jsonb_column, '["cars",1,"partsList",2]', '99');

select jsonb_column->'cars'->1->'partsList'->2, jsonb_column from jsonb_table;

Note that for a previous employer, I have written a set of C functions for manipulating JSON data as text (not as a json or jsonb type) for PostgreSQL 7, 8 and 9. For example, extracting data with json_path('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']'), setting data with json_path_set('{"obj":[12, 34, {"num":-45.67}]}', '$.obj[2]['num']', '99.87') and so on. It took about 3 days work, so if you need it to run on legacy systems and have the time to spare, it may be worth the effort. I imagine the C version is much faster than the python version.

下面的plpython代码片段可能会派上用场。

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS plpythonu;
CREATE LANGUAGE plpythonu;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION json_update(data json, key text, value text)
 RETURNS json
 AS $$
    import json
    json_data = json.loads(data)
    json_data[key] = value
    return json.dumps(json_data, indent=4)
 $$ LANGUAGE plpythonu;

-- Check how JSON looks before updating

SELECT json_update(content::json, 'CFRDiagnosis.mod_nbs', '1')
FROM sc_server_centre_document WHERE record_id = 35 AND template = 'CFRDiagnosis';

-- Once satisfied update JSON inplace

UPDATE sc_server_centre_document SET content = json_update(content::json, 'CFRDiagnosis.mod_nbs', '1')
WHERE record_id = 35 AND template = 'CFRDiagnosis';