我想比较两个数组。。。理想地、有效地。没有什么稀奇古怪的,如果它们是相同的,那就是真的,如果不是,那就是假的。毫不奇怪,比较运算符似乎不起作用。

var a1 = [1,2,3];
var a2 = [1,2,3];
console.log(a1==a2);    // Returns false
console.log(JSON.stringify(a1)==JSON.stringify(a2));    // Returns true

JSON对每个数组进行编码,但是否有一种更快或“更好”的方法来简单地比较数组而不必遍历每个值?


当前回答

我想出了另一种方法。使用join(“”)将它们更改为字符串,然后比较两个字符串:

var a1_str = a1.join(''),
    a2_str = a2.join('');

if (a2_str === a1_str) {}

其他回答

此函数比较两个任意形状和尺寸的数组:

function equals(a1, a2) {

    if (!Array.isArray(a1) || !Array.isArray(a2)) {
        throw new Error("Arguments to function equals(a1, a2) must be arrays.");
    }

    if (a1.length !== a2.length) {
        return false;
    }

    for (var i=0; i<a1.length; i++) {
        if (Array.isArray(a1[i]) && Array.isArray(a2[i])) {
            if (equals(a1[i], a2[i])) {
                continue;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            if (a1[i] !== a2[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return true;
}
var a1 = [1,2,3,6];
var a2 = [1,2,3,5];

function check(a, b) {
  return (a.length != b.length) ? false : 
  a.every(function(row, index) {
    return a[index] == b[index];
  });
}  

check(a1, a2);

//////或///////

var a1 = [1,2,3,6];
var a2 = [1,2,3,6];

function check(a, b) {
  return (a.length != b.length) ? false : 
  !(a.some(function(row, index) {
    return a[index] != b[index];
  }));
}  

check(a1, a2)

要比较数组,请循环它们并比较每个值:

比较阵列:

// Warn if overriding existing method
if(Array.prototype.equals)
    console.warn("Overriding existing Array.prototype.equals. Possible causes: New API defines the method, there's a framework conflict or you've got double inclusions in your code.");
// attach the .equals method to Array's prototype to call it on any array
Array.prototype.equals = function (array) {
    // if the other array is a falsy value, return
    if (!array)
        return false;
    // if the argument is the same array, we can be sure the contents are same as well
    if(array === this)
        return true;
    // compare lengths - can save a lot of time 
    if (this.length != array.length)
        return false;

    for (var i = 0, l=this.length; i < l; i++) {
        // Check if we have nested arrays
        if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
            // recurse into the nested arrays
            if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
                return false;       
        }           
        else if (this[i] != array[i]) { 
            // Warning - two different object instances will never be equal: {x:20} != {x:20}
            return false;   
        }           
    }       
    return true;
}
// Hide method from for-in loops
Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "equals", {enumerable: false});

用法:

[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 2]]) === false;
[1, "2,3"].equals([1, 2, 3]) === false;
[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 4]]) === true;
[1, 2, 1, 2].equals([1, 2, 1, 2]) === true;

你可能会说“但是比较字符串要快得多——没有循环……”那么你应该注意到有ARE循环。第一个递归循环将数组转换为字符串,第二个递归循环比较两个字符串。因此,此方法比使用字符串更快。

我认为,更大量的数据应该始终存储在数组中,而不是存储在对象中。但是,如果使用对象,也可以对它们进行部分比较。以下是操作方法:

比较对象:

我在上面说过,两个对象实例永远不会相等,即使它们当前包含相同的数据:

({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666}) == ({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666})  //false

这是有原因的,因为例如对象中可能存在私有变量。

但是,如果您只使用对象结构来包含数据,则仍然可以进行比较:

Object.prototype.equals = function(object2) {
    //For the first loop, we only check for types
    for (propName in this) {
        //Check for inherited methods and properties - like .equals itself
        //https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/hasOwnProperty
        //Return false if the return value is different
        if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
            return false;
        }
        //Check instance type
        else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
            //Different types => not equal
            return false;
        }
    }
    //Now a deeper check using other objects property names
    for(propName in object2) {
        //We must check instances anyway, there may be a property that only exists in object2
            //I wonder, if remembering the checked values from the first loop would be faster or not 
        if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
            return false;
        }
        else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
            return false;
        }
        //If the property is inherited, do not check any more (it must be equa if both objects inherit it)
        if(!this.hasOwnProperty(propName))
          continue;
        
        //Now the detail check and recursion
        
        //This returns the script back to the array comparing
        /**REQUIRES Array.equals**/
        if (this[propName] instanceof Array && object2[propName] instanceof Array) {
                   // recurse into the nested arrays
           if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
                        return false;
        }
        else if (this[propName] instanceof Object && object2[propName] instanceof Object) {
                   // recurse into another objects
                   //console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named \""+propName+"\"");
           if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
                        return false;
        }
        //Normal value comparison for strings and numbers
        else if(this[propName] != object2[propName]) {
           return false;
        }
    }
    //If everything passed, let's say YES
    return true;
}  

然而,请记住,这一个用于比较类似JSON的数据,而不是类实例和其他东西。如果你想比较更复杂的对象,看看这个答案,它是一个超长函数。要使用Array.equals实现此功能,必须稍微编辑原始函数:

...
    // Check if we have nested arrays
    if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
        // recurse into the nested arrays
        if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
            return false;
    }
    /**REQUIRES OBJECT COMPARE**/
    else if (this[i] instanceof Object && array[i] instanceof Object) {
        // recurse into another objects
        //console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named \""+propName+"\"");
        if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
            return false;
        }
    else if (this[i] != array[i]) {
...

我为这两个功能制作了一个小测试工具。

附加:带有indexOf和包含的嵌套数组

Samy Bencherif为您在嵌套数组中搜索特定对象的情况准备了有用的函数,这些函数在这里提供:https://jsfiddle.net/SamyBencherif/8352y6yw/

这将比较2个未排序的数组:

function areEqual(a, b) {
  if ( a.length != b.length) {
    return false;
  }
  return a.filter(function(i) {
    return !b.includes(i);
  }).length === 0;  
}

如果数组是普通的,并且顺序很重要,那么这两行可能会有所帮助

//Assume
var a = ['a','b', 'c']; var b = ['a','e', 'c'];  

if(a.length !== b.length) return false;
return !a.reduce(
  function(prev,next,idx, arr){ return prev || next != b[idx] },false
); 

Reduce遍历数组之一,如果“a”的至少一个元素与“b”的元素不相等,则返回“false”只需将其包装到函数中