我想提取一个字符串中包含的所有数字。正则表达式和isdigit()方法哪个更适合这个目的?

例子:

line = "hello 12 hi 89"

结果:

[12, 89]

当前回答

我发现的最干净的方法是:

>>> data = 'hs122 125 &55,58, 25'
>>> new_data = ''.join((ch if ch in '0123456789.-e' else ' ') for ch in data)
>>> numbers = [i for i in new_data.split()]
>>> print(numbers)
['122', '125', '55', '58', '25']

或:

>>> import re
>>> data = 'hs122 125 &55,58, 25'
>>> numbers = re.findall(r'\d+', data)
>>> print(numbers)
['122', '125', '55', '58', '25']

其他回答

如果你只想提取正整数,试试下面的方法:

>>> txt = "h3110 23 cat 444.4 rabbit 11 2 dog"
>>> [int(s) for s in txt.split() if s.isdigit()]
[23, 11, 2]

我认为这比正则表达式示例更好,因为您不需要另一个模块,而且它更具可读性,因为您不需要解析(和学习)正则表达式迷你语言。

这将不识别浮点数、负整数或十六进制格式的整数。如果您不能接受这些限制,下面jmnas的答案可以解决问题。

# extract numbers from garbage string:
s = '12//n,_@#$%3.14kjlw0xdadfackvj1.6e-19&*ghn334'
newstr = ''.join((ch if ch in '0123456789.-e' else ' ') for ch in s)
listOfNumbers = [float(i) for i in newstr.split()]
print(listOfNumbers)
[12.0, 3.14, 0.0, 1.6e-19, 334.0]

@jmnas,我喜欢你的答案,但它没有找到浮动。我正在编写一个脚本来解析前往CNC铣床的代码,需要找到可以是整数或浮点数的X和Y维度,所以我将您的代码改编为以下内容。这就找到了int, float值为正和负。仍然没有找到十六进制格式的值,但你可以添加“x”和“A”通过“F”到num_char元组,我认为它会解析像“0x23AC”这样的东西。

s = 'hello X42 I\'m a Y-32.35 string Z30'
xy = ("X", "Y")
num_char = (".", "+", "-")

l = []

tokens = s.split()
for token in tokens:

    if token.startswith(xy):
        num = ""
        for char in token:
            # print(char)
            if char.isdigit() or (char in num_char):
                num = num + char

        try:
            l.append(float(num))
        except ValueError:
            pass

print(l)

如果你知道字符串中只有一个数字,比如'hello 12 hi',你可以尝试filter。

例如:

In [1]: int(''.join(filter(str.isdigit, '200 grams')))
Out[1]: 200
In [2]: int(''.join(filter(str.isdigit, 'Counters: 55')))
Out[2]: 55
In [3]: int(''.join(filter(str.isdigit, 'more than 23 times')))
Out[3]: 23

但是要小心!!:

In [4]: int(''.join(filter(str.isdigit, '200 grams 5')))
Out[4]: 2005

这有点晚了,但是您也可以扩展正则表达式来考虑科学符号。

import re

# Format is [(<string>, <expected output>), ...]
ss = [("apple-12.34 ba33na fanc-14.23e-2yapple+45e5+67.56E+3",
       ['-12.34', '33', '-14.23e-2', '+45e5', '+67.56E+3']),
      ('hello X42 I\'m a Y-32.35 string Z30',
       ['42', '-32.35', '30']),
      ('he33llo 42 I\'m a 32 string -30', 
       ['33', '42', '32', '-30']),
      ('h3110 23 cat 444.4 rabbit 11 2 dog', 
       ['3110', '23', '444.4', '11', '2']),
      ('hello 12 hi 89', 
       ['12', '89']),
      ('4', 
       ['4']),
      ('I like 74,600 commas not,500', 
       ['74,600', '500']),
      ('I like bad math 1+2=.001', 
       ['1', '+2', '.001'])]

for s, r in ss:
    rr = re.findall("[-+]?[.]?[\d]+(?:,\d\d\d)*[\.]?\d*(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?", s)
    if rr == r:
        print('GOOD')
    else:
        print('WRONG', rr, 'should be', r)

给予一切美好!

此外,您还可以查看AWS Glue内置正则表达式