我在Bash中有一个字符串:

string="My string"

如何测试它是否包含另一个字符串?

if [ $string ?? 'foo' ]; then
  echo "It's there!"
fi

哪里是我不认识的接线员。我使用echo和grep吗?

if echo "$string" | grep 'foo'; then
  echo "It's there!"
fi

这看起来有点笨拙。


当前回答

这也适用于:

if printf -- '%s' "$haystack" | egrep -q -- "$needle"
then
  printf "Found needle in haystack"
fi

阴性试验为:

if ! printf -- '%s' "$haystack" | egrep -q -- "$needle"
then
  echo "Did not find needle in haystack"
fi

我认为这种风格更为经典——更少依赖于Bash shell的特性。

--参数是纯粹的POSIX偏执狂,用于防止类似于选项的输入字符串,例如--abc或-a。

注意:在紧密循环中,此代码将比使用内部Bashshell特性慢得多,因为将创建一个(或两个)单独的进程并通过管道连接。

其他回答

试试oobash。

它是Bash 4的OO风格字符串库。它支持德语元音变音。它是用巴什语写的。

有许多函数可用:-base64Decode、-base64Encode、-acapital、-center、-charAt、concat、-concontains、-count、-endsWith、-equals、-equalsIgnoreCase、-reverse、-hashCode、-indexOf、-isAlnum、-isAlpha、-isAscii、-isDigit、-isEmpty、-isHexDigit、-isLowerCase、-isSpace、-isPrintable、-isUpperCase、-isVisible、-lastIndexOf、-length、-matches、-replaceAll、-replaceFirst、-startsWith,-substring、-swapCase、-toLowerCase、-toString、-toUpperCase、-trim和-zfill。

查看包含的示例:

[Desktop]$ String a testXccc
[Desktop]$ a.contains tX
true
[Desktop]$ a.contains XtX
false

oobash可在Sourceforge.net上获得。

这里回答的问题的扩展如何判断POSIX sh中的字符串是否包含另一个字符串?:

此解决方案适用于特殊字符:

# contains(string, substring)
#
# Returns 0 if the specified string contains the specified substring,
# otherwise returns 1.
contains() {
    string="$1"
    substring="$2"

    if echo "$string" | $(type -p ggrep grep | head -1) -F -- "$substring" >/dev/null; then
        return 0    # $substring is in $string
    else
        return 1    # $substring is not in $string
    fi
}

contains "abcd" "e" || echo "abcd does not contain e"
contains "abcd" "ab" && echo "abcd contains ab"
contains "abcd" "bc" && echo "abcd contains bc"
contains "abcd" "cd" && echo "abcd contains cd"
contains "abcd" "abcd" && echo "abcd contains abcd"
contains "" "" && echo "empty string contains empty string"
contains "a" "" && echo "a contains empty string"
contains "" "a" || echo "empty string does not contain a"
contains "abcd efgh" "cd ef" && echo "abcd efgh contains cd ef"
contains "abcd efgh" " " && echo "abcd efgh contains a space"

contains "abcd [efg] hij" "[efg]" && echo "abcd [efg] hij contains [efg]"
contains "abcd [efg] hij" "[effg]" || echo "abcd [efg] hij does not contain [effg]"

contains "abcd *efg* hij" "*efg*" && echo "abcd *efg* hij contains *efg*"
contains "abcd *efg* hij" "d *efg* h" && echo "abcd *efg* hij contains d *efg* h"
contains "abcd *efg* hij" "*effg*" || echo "abcd *efg* hij does not contain *effg*"

我的.bash_profile文件以及我如何使用grep:

如果PATH环境变量包含我的两个bin目录,请不要追加它们,

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

U=~/.local.bin:~/bin

if ! echo "$PATH" | grep -q "home"; then
    export PATH=$PATH:${U}
fi

grep-q对于这个目的很有用。

同样使用awk:

string="unix-bash 2389"
character="@"
printf '%s' "$string" | awk -vc="$character" '{ if (gsub(c, "")) { print "Found" } else { print "Not Found" } }'

输出:

未找到

string="unix-bash 2389"
character="-"
printf '%s' "$string" | awk -vc="$character" '{ if (gsub(c, "")) { print "Found" } else { print "Not Found" } }'

输出:

建立

原始来源:http://unstableme.blogspot.com/2008/06/bash-search-letter-in-string-awk.html

case $string in (*foo*)
  # Do stuff
esac

这与https://stackoverflow.com/a/229585/11267590.但风格简单,也符合POSIX。