我在Bash中有一个字符串:

string="My string"

如何测试它是否包含另一个字符串?

if [ $string ?? 'foo' ]; then
  echo "It's there!"
fi

哪里是我不认识的接线员。我使用echo和grep吗?

if echo "$string" | grep 'foo'; then
  echo "It's there!"
fi

这看起来有点笨拙。


当前回答

我使用这个函数(一个不包括但很明显的依赖项)。它通过了以下测试。如果函数返回值>0,则找到字符串。你也可以很容易地返回1或0。

function str_instr {
   # Return position of ```str``` within ```string```.
   # >>> str_instr "str" "string"
   # str: String to search for.
   # string: String to search.
   typeset str string x
   # Behavior here is not the same in bash vs ksh unless we escape special characters.
   str="$(str_escape_special_characters "${1}")"
   string="${2}"
   x="${string%%$str*}"
   if [[ "${x}" != "${string}" ]]; then
      echo "${#x} + 1" | bc -l
   else
      echo 0
   fi
}

function test_str_instr {
   str_instr "(" "'foo@host (dev,web)'" | assert_eq 11
   str_instr ")" "'foo@host (dev,web)'" | assert_eq 19
   str_instr "[" "'foo@host [dev,web]'" | assert_eq 11
   str_instr "]" "'foo@host [dev,web]'" | assert_eq 19
   str_instr "a" "abc" | assert_eq 1
   str_instr "z" "abc" | assert_eq 0
   str_instr "Eggs" "Green Eggs And Ham" | assert_eq 7
   str_instr "a" "" | assert_eq 0
   str_instr "" "" | assert_eq 0
   str_instr " " "Green Eggs" | assert_eq 6
   str_instr " " " Green "  | assert_eq 1
}

其他回答

使用jq:

string='My long string'
echo $string | jq -Rr 'select(contains("long"))|"It is there"'

jq中最困难的事情是打印单个引用:

echo $string | jq --arg quote "'" -Rr 'select(contains("long"))|"It\($quote)s there"'

仅使用jq检查条件:

if jq -Re 'select(contains("long"))|halt' <<< $string; then
    echo "It's there!"
fi

我不确定是否使用if语句,但您可以使用case语句获得类似的效果:

case "$string" in 
  *foo*)
    # Do stuff
    ;;
esac

如果您喜欢正则表达式方法:

string='My string';

if [[ $string =~ "My" ]]; then
   echo "It's there!"
fi

此堆栈溢出答案是唯一一个陷阱空格和破折号字符的答案:

# For null cmd arguments checking   
to_check=' -t'
space_n_dash_chars=' -'
[[ $to_check == *"$space_n_dash_chars"* ]] && echo found

公认的答案是正确的,但很难阅读和理解。对于与搜索相关的问题,应始终使用$needle in a$haystack习语。由于建议的编辑队列已满,我发布了以下内容:

haystack='There are needles here.'
if [[ "$haystack" == *"needle"* ]]; then
    echo "It's there!"
fi