公认的答案是最好的，但由于有不止一种方法可以做到这一点，这里有另一种解决方案：

if [ "$string" != "${string/foo/}" ]; then
    echo "It's there!"
fi

${var/search/replace}是$var，如果找到了第一个搜索实例，则将其替换为replace（它不会更改$var）。如果您试图将foo替换为空，并且字符串发生了更改，那么很明显找到了foo。

字符串包含变量（兼容或不区分大小写）

由于这些Stack Overflow的答案主要讲述了Bash，我在这篇文章的底部发布了一个独立于大小写的Bash函数。。。

总之，有我的

兼容答案

由于已经有很多使用Bash特定功能的答案，因此有一种方法可以在功能较差的shell下工作，例如BusyBox：

[ -z "${string##*$reqsubstr*}" ]

在实践中，这可能会：

string='echo "My string"'
for reqsubstr in 'o "M' 'alt' 'str';do
  if [ -z "${string##*$reqsubstr*}" ] ;then
      echo "String '$string' contain substring: '$reqsubstr'."
    else
      echo "String '$string' don't contain substring: '$reqsubstr'."
    fi
  done

这是在Bash、Dash、KornShell（ksh）和ash（BusyBox）下测试的，结果总是：

String 'echo "My string"' contain substring: 'o "M'.
String 'echo "My string"' don't contain substring: 'alt'.
String 'echo "My string"' contain substring: 'str'.

集成到一个函数中

正如@EeroAaltonen所问，这里是相同演示的一个版本，在相同的外壳下测试：

myfunc() {
    reqsubstr="$1"
    shift
    string="$@"
    if [ -z "${string##*$reqsubstr*}" ] ;then
        echo "String '$string' contain substring: '$reqsubstr'.";
      else
        echo "String '$string' don't contain substring: '$reqsubstr'."
    fi
}

然后：

$ myfunc 'o "M' 'echo "My String"'
String 'echo "My String"' contain substring 'o "M'.

$ myfunc 'alt' 'echo "My String"'
String 'echo "My String"' don't contain substring 'alt'.

注意：必须转义或双引号和/或双引号：

$ myfunc 'o "M' echo "My String"
String 'echo My String' don't contain substring: 'o "M'.

$ myfunc 'o "M' echo \"My String\"
String 'echo "My String"' contain substring: 'o "M'.

简单的功能

这是在BusyBox、Dash和Bash下测试的：

stringContain() { [ -z "${2##*$1*}" ]; }

现在：

$ if stringContain 'o "M3' 'echo "My String"';then echo yes;else echo no;fi
no
$ if stringContain 'o "M' 'echo "My String"';then echo yes;else echo no;fi
yes

…或者，如果提交的字符串可能为空，如@Sjlver所指出的，则函数将变为：

stringContain() { [ -z "${2##*$1*}" ] && [ -z "$1" -o -n "$2" ]; }

或者正如Adrian Günter的评论所建议的，避免使用-o开关：

stringContain() { [ -z "${2##*$1*}" ] && { [ -z "$1" ] || [ -n "$2" ];};}

最终（简单）功能：

并反转测试以使其可能更快：

stringContain() { [ -z "$1" ] || { [ -z "${2##*$1*}" ] && [ -n "$2" ];};}

对于空字符串：

$ if stringContain '' ''; then echo yes; else echo no; fi
yes
$ if stringContain 'o "M' ''; then echo yes; else echo no; fi
no

独立于大小写（仅限Bash！）

对于不区分大小写的字符串测试，只需将每个字符串转换为小写：

stringContain() {
    local _lc=${2,,}
    [ -z "$1" ] || { [ -z "${_lc##*${1,,}*}" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;} ;}

检查：

stringContain 'o "M3' 'echo "my string"' && echo yes || echo no
no
stringContain 'o "My' 'echo "my string"' && echo yes || echo no
yes
if stringContain '' ''; then echo yes; else echo no; fi
yes
if stringContain 'o "M' ''; then echo yes; else echo no; fi
no

msg="message"

function check {
    echo $msg | egrep [abc] 1> /dev/null

    if [ $? -ne 1 ];
    then 
        echo "found" 
    else 
        echo "not found" 
    fi
}

check

这将发现a、b或c的任何出现

使用jq：

string='My long string'
echo $string | jq -Rr 'select(contains("long"))|"It is there"'

jq中最困难的事情是打印单个引用：

echo $string | jq --arg quote "'" -Rr 'select(contains("long"))|"It\($quote)s there"'

仅使用jq检查条件：

if jq -Re 'select(contains("long"))|halt' <<< $string; then
    echo "It's there!"
fi

如果您喜欢正则表达式方法：

string='My string';

if [[ $string =~ "My" ]]; then
   echo "It's there!"
fi

这里回答的问题的扩展如何判断POSIX sh中的字符串是否包含另一个字符串？：

此解决方案适用于特殊字符：

# contains(string, substring)
#
# Returns 0 if the specified string contains the specified substring,
# otherwise returns 1.
contains() {
    string="$1"
    substring="$2"

    if echo "$string" | $(type -p ggrep grep | head -1) -F -- "$substring" >/dev/null; then
        return 0    # $substring is in $string
    else
        return 1    # $substring is not in $string
    fi
}

contains "abcd" "e" || echo "abcd does not contain e"
contains "abcd" "ab" && echo "abcd contains ab"
contains "abcd" "bc" && echo "abcd contains bc"
contains "abcd" "cd" && echo "abcd contains cd"
contains "abcd" "abcd" && echo "abcd contains abcd"
contains "" "" && echo "empty string contains empty string"
contains "a" "" && echo "a contains empty string"
contains "" "a" || echo "empty string does not contain a"
contains "abcd efgh" "cd ef" && echo "abcd efgh contains cd ef"
contains "abcd efgh" " " && echo "abcd efgh contains a space"

contains "abcd [efg] hij" "[efg]" && echo "abcd [efg] hij contains [efg]"
contains "abcd [efg] hij" "[effg]" || echo "abcd [efg] hij does not contain [effg]"

contains "abcd *efg* hij" "*efg*" && echo "abcd *efg* hij contains *efg*"
contains "abcd *efg* hij" "d *efg* h" && echo "abcd *efg* hij contains d *efg* h"
contains "abcd *efg* hij" "*effg*" || echo "abcd *efg* hij does not contain *effg*"