将所有析构函数都设为虚拟，除非你有充分的理由不这样做。

否则会发生这样的邪恶：

假设您有一个包含Apple和Orange对象的Fruit指针数组。

从Fruit对象集合中删除时，除非~Fruit（）是虚拟的，否则无法调用~Apple（）和~Orange（）。

正确完成示例：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Fruit { // good
  virtual ~Fruit() { cout << "peel or core should have been tossed" << endl; } 
};
struct Apple:  Fruit { virtual ~Apple()  {cout << "toss core" << endl; } };
struct Orange: Fruit { virtual ~Orange() {cout << "toss peel" << endl; } };

int main() { 
  Fruit *basket[]={ new Apple(), new Orange() };
  for (auto fruit: basket) delete fruit;
};

正品产出量

toss core
peel or core should have been tossed
toss peel
peel or core should have been tossed

错误示例：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Fruit { // bad 
  ~Fruit() { cout << "peel or core should have been tossed" << endl; } 
};
struct Apple:  Fruit { virtual ~Apple()  {cout << "toss core" << endl; } };
struct Orange: Fruit { virtual ~Orange() {cout << "toss peel" << endl; } };

int main() { 
  Fruit *basket[]={ new Apple(), new Orange() };
  for (auto fruit: basket) delete fruit;
};

不良输出

peel or core should have been tossed
peel or core should have been tossed

（注意：为了简洁起见，我使用了struct，通常使用class并指定public）

只要类是多态的，就将析构函数设为虚拟。

当您需要从基类调用派生类析构函数时。您需要在基类中声明虚拟基类析构函数。

当您希望不同的析构函数在通过基类指针删除对象时遵循正确的顺序时，析构函数的虚拟关键字是必需的。例如：

Base *myObj = new Derived();
// Some code which is using myObj object
myObj->fun();
//Now delete the object
delete myObj ; 

如果基类析构函数是虚拟的，那么对象将按顺序被析构函数（首先是派生对象，然后是基）。如果基类析构函数不是虚拟的，那么只有基类对象会被删除（因为指针是基类“base*myObj”）。因此派生对象将存在内存泄漏。

将所有析构函数都设为虚拟，除非你有充分的理由不这样做。

否则会发生这样的邪恶：

假设您有一个包含Apple和Orange对象的Fruit指针数组。

从Fruit对象集合中删除时，除非~Fruit（）是虚拟的，否则无法调用~Apple（）和~Orange（）。

正确完成示例：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Fruit { // good
  virtual ~Fruit() { cout << "peel or core should have been tossed" << endl; } 
};
struct Apple:  Fruit { virtual ~Apple()  {cout << "toss core" << endl; } };
struct Orange: Fruit { virtual ~Orange() {cout << "toss peel" << endl; } };

int main() { 
  Fruit *basket[]={ new Apple(), new Orange() };
  for (auto fruit: basket) delete fruit;
};

正品产出量

toss core
peel or core should have been tossed
toss peel
peel or core should have been tossed

错误示例：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Fruit { // bad 
  ~Fruit() { cout << "peel or core should have been tossed" << endl; } 
};
struct Apple:  Fruit { virtual ~Apple()  {cout << "toss core" << endl; } };
struct Orange: Fruit { virtual ~Orange() {cout << "toss peel" << endl; } };

int main() { 
  Fruit *basket[]={ new Apple(), new Orange() };
  for (auto fruit: basket) delete fruit;
};

不良输出

peel or core should have been tossed
peel or core should have been tossed

（注意：为了简洁起见，我使用了struct，通常使用class并指定public）

如果使用shared_ptr（仅shared_ptl，而不是unique_ptr），则不必将基类析构函数设为虚拟：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    Base(){
        cout << "Base Constructor Called\n";
    }
    ~Base(){ // not virtual
        cout << "Base Destructor called\n";
    }
};

class Derived: public Base
{
public:
    Derived(){
        cout << "Derived constructor called\n";
    }
    ~Derived(){
        cout << "Derived destructor called\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    shared_ptr<Base> b(new Derived());
}

输出：

Base Constructor Called
Derived constructor called
Derived destructor called
Base Destructor called