我认为这个问题的核心是关于虚拟方法和多态性，而不是具体的析构函数。下面是一个更清晰的例子：

class A
{
public:
    A() {}
    virtual void foo()
    {
        cout << "This is A." << endl;
    }
};

class B : public A
{
public:
    B() {}
    void foo()
    {
        cout << "This is B." << endl;
    }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    A *a = new B();
    a->foo();
    if(a != NULL)
    delete a;
    return 0;
}

将打印出：

This is B.

如果没有虚拟，它将打印出：

This is A.

现在您应该了解何时使用虚拟析构函数。

还要注意，在没有虚拟析构函数时删除基类指针将导致未定义的行为。我最近学到的东西：

C++中重写删除应该如何操作？

我已经使用C++多年了，但我还是设法自杀了。

关于virtual的一个基本定义是它确定类的成员函数是否可以在其派生类中被覆盖。

类的D-tor基本上在作用域的末尾被调用，但存在一个问题，例如，当我们在堆（动态分配）上定义一个实例时，我们应该手动删除它。

一旦指令被执行，就会调用基类析构函数，但不会调用派生的析构函数。

一个实际的例子是，在控制场中，你必须操纵效应器和致动器。

在范围结束时，如果没有调用其中一个动力元件（执行器）的析构函数，将产生致命的后果。

#include <iostream>

class Mother{

public:

    Mother(){

          std::cout<<"Mother Ctor"<<std::endl;
    }

    virtual~Mother(){

        std::cout<<"Mother D-tor"<<std::endl;
    }


};

class Child: public Mother{

    public:

    Child(){

        std::cout<<"Child C-tor"<<std::endl;
    }

    ~Child(){

         std::cout<<"Child D-tor"<<std::endl;
    }
};

int main()
{

    Mother *c = new Child();
    delete c;

    return 0;
}

什么是虚拟析构函数或如何使用虚拟析构器

类析构函数是一个与~前面的类同名的函数，它将重新分配该类分配的内存。为什么我们需要虚拟析构函数

请参见以下示例中的一些虚拟函数

该示例还说明了如何将字母转换为大写或小写

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// program to convert the lower to upper orlower
class convertch
{
public:
  //void convertch(){};
  virtual char* convertChar() = 0;
  ~convertch(){};
};

class MakeLower :public convertch
{
public:
  MakeLower(char *passLetter)
  {
    tolower = true;
    Letter = new char[30];
    strcpy(Letter, passLetter);
  }

  virtual ~MakeLower()
  {
    cout<< "called ~MakeLower()"<<"\n";
    delete[] Letter;
  }

  char* convertChar()
  {
    size_t len = strlen(Letter);
    for(int i= 0;i<len;i++)
      Letter[i] = Letter[i] + 32;
    return Letter;
  }

private:
  char *Letter;
  bool tolower;
};

class MakeUpper : public convertch
{
public:
  MakeUpper(char *passLetter)
  {
    Letter = new char[30];
    toupper = true;
    strcpy(Letter, passLetter);
  }

  char* convertChar()
  {   
    size_t len = strlen(Letter);
    for(int i= 0;i<len;i++)
      Letter[i] = Letter[i] - 32;
    return Letter;
  }

  virtual ~MakeUpper()
  {
    cout<< "called ~MakeUpper()"<<"\n";
    delete Letter;
  }

private:
  char *Letter;
  bool toupper;
};


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
  convertch *makeupper = new MakeUpper("hai"); 
  cout<< "Eneterd : hai = " <<makeupper->convertChar()<<" ";     
  delete makeupper;
  convertch *makelower = new MakeLower("HAI");;
  cout<<"Eneterd : HAI = " <<makelower->convertChar()<<" "; 
  delete makelower;
  return 0;
}

从上面的示例中可以看到，没有调用MakeUpper和MakeLower类的析构函数。

查看下一个带有虚拟析构函数的示例

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
// program to convert the lower to upper orlower
class convertch
{
public:
//void convertch(){};
virtual char* convertChar() = 0;
virtual ~convertch(){}; // defined the virtual destructor

};
class MakeLower :public convertch
{
public:
MakeLower(char *passLetter)
{
tolower = true;
Letter = new char[30];
strcpy(Letter, passLetter);
}
virtual ~MakeLower()
{
cout<< "called ~MakeLower()"<<"\n";
      delete[] Letter;
}
char* convertChar()
{
size_t len = strlen(Letter);
for(int i= 0;i<len;i++)
{
Letter[i] = Letter[i] + 32;

}

return Letter;
}

private:
char *Letter;
bool tolower;

};
class MakeUpper : public convertch
{
public:
MakeUpper(char *passLetter)
{
Letter = new char[30];
toupper = true;
strcpy(Letter, passLetter);
}
char* convertChar()
{

size_t len = strlen(Letter);
for(int i= 0;i<len;i++)
{
Letter[i] = Letter[i] - 32;
}
return Letter;
}
virtual ~MakeUpper()
{
      cout<< "called ~MakeUpper()"<<"\n";
delete Letter;
}
private:
char *Letter;
bool toupper;
};


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{

convertch *makeupper = new MakeUpper("hai");

cout<< "Eneterd : hai = " <<makeupper->convertChar()<<" \n";

delete makeupper;
convertch *makelower = new MakeLower("HAI");;
cout<<"Eneterd : HAI = " <<makelower->convertChar()<<"\n ";


delete makelower;
return 0;
}

虚拟析构函数将显式调用类的最派生的运行时析构函数，以便能够以正确的方式清除对象。

或访问链接

https://web.archive.org/web/20130822173509/http://www.programminggallery.com/article_details.php?article_id=138

虚拟构造函数是不可能的，但虚拟析构函数是可能的。让我们做个实验。。。。。。。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    Base(){
        cout << "Base Constructor Called\n";
    }
    ~Base(){
        cout << "Base Destructor called\n";
    }
};

class Derived1: public Base
{
public:
    Derived1(){
        cout << "Derived constructor called\n";
    }
    ~Derived1(){
        cout << "Derived destructor called\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    Base *b = new Derived1();
    delete b;
}

上述代码输出以下内容：

Base Constructor Called
Derived constructor called
Base Destructor called

派生对象的构造遵循构造规则，但当我们删除“b”指针（基指针）时，我们发现只有基析构函数被调用。但这绝不能发生。为了做适当的事情，我们必须使基析构函数虚拟化。现在让我们看看以下情况：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base
{ 
public:
    Base(){
        cout << "Base Constructor Called\n";
    }
    virtual ~Base(){
        cout << "Base Destructor called\n";
    }
};

class Derived1: public Base
{
public:
    Derived1(){
        cout << "Derived constructor called\n";
    }
    ~Derived1(){
        cout << "Derived destructor called\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    Base *b = new Derived1();
    delete b;
}

输出变化如下：

Base Constructor Called
Derived Constructor called
Derived destructor called
Base destructor called

因此，基指针的销毁（对派生对象进行分配！）遵循销毁规则，即首先是派生指针，然后是基指针。另一方面，没有什么像虚拟构造函数。

如果使用shared_ptr（仅shared_ptl，而不是unique_ptr），则不必将基类析构函数设为虚拟：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    Base(){
        cout << "Base Constructor Called\n";
    }
    ~Base(){ // not virtual
        cout << "Base Destructor called\n";
    }
};

class Derived: public Base
{
public:
    Derived(){
        cout << "Derived constructor called\n";
    }
    ~Derived(){
        cout << "Derived destructor called\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    shared_ptr<Base> b(new Derived());
}

输出：

Base Constructor Called
Derived constructor called
Derived destructor called
Base Destructor called