谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
当前回答
对于那些在测试类中使用补丁程序的人,下面是我如何成功地修补datetime功能:
from datetime import datetime
import unittest
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
# Replace with the proper path to the module you would
# like datetime to be mocked
from path.to.my_module
class MyTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
"""execute on class instantiation"""
# Record both times at the same moment
self.dt_now, self.dt_utcnow = datetime.now(), datetime.utcnow()
# After retrieving real (or hardcoded datetime values),
# proceed to mock them in desired module
self.patch_datetime_functions()
def patch_datetime_functions(self) -> None:
"""
Patch datetime.now() and datetime.utcnow() to prevent issues when
comparing expected dates
"""
# Create a patcher
self.patcher_dt = patch(
'path.to.my_module'
)
# Start but make sure cleanup always occurs
self.patcher_dt.start()
self.addCleanup(self.patcher_dt.stop)
# Perform the actual patch – use lambdas as mock functions
datetime_mock = Mock(wraps=datetime)
datetime_mock.now.return_value = self.dt_now
datetime_mock.utcnow.return_value = self.dt_utcnow
my_module.datetime = datetime_mock
# Here's what it will look like when testing:
def some_test(self):
curr_dt = self.dt_now
returned_dt = my_module.datetime.utcnow()
# Compare the dates
self.assertEqual(curr_dt, returned_dt,
'Datetime values should be equal'
)
其他回答
monkeypatch的最小工作示例
这个解决方案使用https://pypi.org/project/pytest-mock/包中的monkeypatch。
特点:
仅模拟datetime.today(),但datetime.now()仍然可以正常工作 仅在特定范围内模拟(即块)
import sys
from datetime import datetime
MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY = datetime(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
class MockedDatetime(datetime):
@classmethod
def today(cls):
return MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY
def test_mock_datetime_today(monkeypatch):
"""Only datetime.today() is mocked and returns some date in 1900. datetime.now() returns still the current date."""
with monkeypatch.context() as mpc:
mpc.setattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'datetime', MockedDatetime)
assert datetime.today() == MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # datetime.today() mocked
assert datetime.now() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # datetime.now() not mocked
assert datetime.today() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # not mocked anymore
几天前我遇到了同样的情况,我的解决方案是在模块中定义一个函数来测试和模拟:
def get_date_now():
return datetime.datetime.now()
今天我发现了《FreezeGun》,它似乎很好地解决了这个问题
from freezegun import freeze_time
import datetime
import unittest
@freeze_time("2012-01-14")
def test():
assert datetime.datetime.now() == datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 14)
在Daniel G的解决方案中补充一点:
from datetime import date
class FakeDate(date):
"A manipulable date replacement"
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
return date.__new__(date, *args, **kwargs)
这将创建一个类,当实例化时,该类将返回一个正常的datetime。对象,但也可以更改。
@mock.patch('datetime.date', FakeDate)
def test():
from datetime import date
FakeDate.today = classmethod(lambda cls: date(2010, 1, 1))
return date.today()
test() # datetime.date(2010, 1, 1)
我想我来晚了一点,但我认为这里的主要问题是您直接修补datetime.date.today,根据文档,这是错误的。
例如,您应该修补在测试函数所在的文件中导入的引用。
假设你有一个functions.py文件,其中包含以下内容:
import datetime
def get_today():
return datetime.date.today()
然后,在你的测试中,你应该有这样的东西
import datetime
import unittest
from functions import get_today
from mock import patch, Mock
class GetTodayTest(unittest.TestCase):
@patch('functions.datetime')
def test_get_today(self, datetime_mock):
datetime_mock.date.today = Mock(return_value=datetime.strptime('Jun 1 2005', '%b %d %Y'))
value = get_today()
# then assert your thing...
希望这能对你有所帮助。
CPython实际上使用纯python Lib/datetime.py和c优化的Modules/ _datetimmodule .c实现了datetime模块。c优化版本不能打补丁,但纯python版本可以。
在Lib/datetime.py中纯python实现的底部是这样的代码:
try:
from _datetime import * # <-- Import from C-optimized module.
except ImportError:
pass
这段代码导入了所有c优化的定义,并有效地替换了所有纯python定义。我们可以通过以下方式强制CPython使用datetime模块的纯python实现:
import datetime
import importlib
import sys
sys.modules["_datetime"] = None
importlib.reload(datetime)
通过设置sys。modules["_datetime"] = None,我们告诉Python忽略c优化的模块。然后重新加载导致从_datetime导入失败的模块。现在纯python定义仍然存在,可以正常打补丁。
如果你正在使用Pytest,那么在conftest.py中包含上面的代码片段,你就可以正常地修补datetime对象了。