对于那些在测试类中使用补丁程序的人，下面是我如何成功地修补datetime功能:

from datetime import datetime
import unittest
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch

# Replace with the proper path to the module you would
# like datetime to be mocked
from path.to.my_module

class MyTestCases(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        """execute on class instantiation"""
        # Record both times at the same moment
        self.dt_now, self.dt_utcnow = datetime.now(), datetime.utcnow()

        # After retrieving real (or hardcoded datetime values), 
        # proceed to mock them in desired module
        self.patch_datetime_functions()


    def patch_datetime_functions(self) -> None:
        """
        Patch datetime.now() and datetime.utcnow() to prevent issues when
        comparing expected dates
        """

        # Create a patcher
        self.patcher_dt = patch(
            'path.to.my_module'
        )

        # Start but make sure cleanup always occurs
        self.patcher_dt.start()
        self.addCleanup(self.patcher_dt.stop)

        # Perform the actual patch – use lambdas as mock functions
        datetime_mock = Mock(wraps=datetime)
        datetime_mock.now.return_value = self.dt_now
        datetime_mock.utcnow.return_value = self.dt_utcnow

        my_module.datetime = datetime_mock


    # Here's what it will look like when testing:
    def some_test(self):
        curr_dt = self.dt_now
        returned_dt = my_module.datetime.utcnow()
        
        # Compare the dates
        self.assertEqual(curr_dt, returned_dt,
            'Datetime values should be equal'
        )

有一些问题。

首先，你使用模拟的方式。帕奇说得不太对。当用作装饰器时，它只在被装饰的函数内用Mock对象替换给定的函数/类(在本例中为datetime.date.today)。因此，只有在today()中，datetime.date.today才会是一个不同的函数，这似乎不是你想要的。

你真正想要的似乎是这样的:

@mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
def test():
    datetime.date.today.return_value = date(2010, 1, 1)
    print datetime.date.today()

不幸的是，这行不通:

>>> test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/mock.py", line 557, in patched
  File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/mock.py", line 620, in __enter__
TypeError: can't set attributes of built-in/extension type 'datetime.date'

这是失败的，因为Python内置类型是不可变的-更多细节请参阅这个答案。

在本例中，我将继承datetime的子类。日期自己，并创建正确的函数:

import datetime
class NewDate(datetime.date):
    @classmethod
    def today(cls):
        return cls(2010, 1, 1)
datetime.date = NewDate

现在你可以这样做:

>>> datetime.date.today()
NewDate(2010, 1, 1)

对于那些使用pytest和pytest-mock的人(关于pytest-mock的更多信息在最后)，这里是我如何模拟datetime.datetime.now()，这与最初的问题非常相似。

test_get_now(mocker):
    datetime_mock = mocker.patch("blackline_accounts_import.datetime",)
    datetime_mock.datetime.now.return_value=datetime.datetime(2019,3,11,6,2,0,0)
    
    now == function_being_tested()  # run function

    assert now == datetime.datetime(2019,3,11,6,2,0,0)

本质上，mock必须设置为返回指定的日期。您不能直接修补datetime的对象。

Pytest-mock是一个使模拟对象成为fixture的库。更多细节可以在这里找到

可以在不添加side_effects的情况下模拟datetime模块中的函数

import mock
from datetime import datetime
from where_datetime_used import do

initial_date = datetime.strptime('2018-09-27', "%Y-%m-%d")
with mock.patch('where_datetime_used.datetime') as mocked_dt:
    mocked_dt.now.return_value = initial_date
    do()

你可以用这个来模拟datetime:

在sources.py模块中:

import datetime


class ShowTime:
    def current_date():
        return datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

在您的tests.py中:

from unittest import TestCase, mock
import datetime


class TestShowTime(TestCase):
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        self.st = sources.ShowTime()
        super().setUp()

    @mock.patch('sources.datetime.date')
    def test_current_date(self, date_mock):
        date_mock.today.return_value = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=10, day=1)
        current_date = self.st.current_date()
        self.assertEqual(current_date, '2019-10-01')

我使用自定义装饰器实现了@user3016183方法:

def changeNow(func, newNow = datetime(2015, 11, 23, 12, 00, 00)):
    """decorator used to change datetime.datetime.now() in the tested function."""
    def retfunc(self):                             
        with mock.patch('mymodule.datetime') as mock_date:                         
            mock_date.now.return_value = newNow
            mock_date.side_effect = lambda *args, **kw: datetime(*args, **kw)
            func(self)
    return retfunc

我想这也许有一天能帮到别人…