http://blog.xelnor.net/python-mocking-datetime/中讨论了几种解决方案。总而言之:

模拟对象-简单有效，但打破isinstance()检查:

target = datetime.datetime(2009, 1, 1)
with mock.patch.object(datetime, 'datetime', mock.Mock(wraps=datetime.datetime)) as patched:
    patched.now.return_value = target
    print(datetime.datetime.now())

模拟类

import datetime
import mock

real_datetime_class = datetime.datetime

def mock_datetime_now(target, dt):
    class DatetimeSubclassMeta(type):
        @classmethod
        def __instancecheck__(mcs, obj):
            return isinstance(obj, real_datetime_class)

    class BaseMockedDatetime(real_datetime_class):
        @classmethod
        def now(cls, tz=None):
            return target.replace(tzinfo=tz)

        @classmethod
        def utcnow(cls):
            return target

    # Python2 & Python3 compatible metaclass
    MockedDatetime = DatetimeSubclassMeta('datetime', (BaseMockedDatetime,), {})

    return mock.patch.object(dt, 'datetime', MockedDatetime)

使用:

with mock_datetime_now(target, datetime):
   ....

对于那些使用pytest和pytest-mock的人(关于pytest-mock的更多信息在最后)，这里是我如何模拟datetime.datetime.now()，这与最初的问题非常相似。

test_get_now(mocker):
    datetime_mock = mocker.patch("blackline_accounts_import.datetime",)
    datetime_mock.datetime.now.return_value=datetime.datetime(2019,3,11,6,2,0,0)
    
    now == function_being_tested()  # run function

    assert now == datetime.datetime(2019,3,11,6,2,0,0)

本质上，mock必须设置为返回指定的日期。您不能直接修补datetime的对象。

Pytest-mock是一个使模拟对象成为fixture的库。更多细节可以在这里找到

一般来说，你会有datetime或datetime。将日期导入某个模块。模拟该方法的一种更有效的方法是在导入它的模块上修补它。例子:

a.py

from datetime import date

def my_method():
    return date.today()

然后，对于您的测试，模拟对象本身将作为参数传递给测试方法。您将使用所需的结果值设置模拟，然后调用测试中的方法。然后您可以断言您的方法完成了您想要的。

>>> import mock
>>> import a
>>> @mock.patch('a.date')
... def test_my_method(date_mock):
...     date_mock.today.return_value = mock.sentinel.today
...     result = a.my_method()
...     print result
...     date_mock.today.assert_called_once_with()
...     assert mock.sentinel.today == result
...
>>> test_my_method()
sentinel.today

警告一句。很有可能嘲讽得过火了。当您这样做时，它会使您的测试更长、更难理解，并且不可能维护。在模拟像datetime.date这样简单的方法之前。今天，问问自己是否真的需要嘲笑它。如果您的测试短小精干，并且在不模拟函数的情况下运行良好，那么您可能只看到了正在测试的代码的内部细节，而不是需要模拟的对象。

值得注意的是，Mock文档专门讨论了datetime.date.today，并且可以在不创建虚拟类的情况下做到这一点:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#partial-mocking

>>> from datetime import date
>>> with patch('mymodule.date') as mock_date:
...     mock_date.today.return_value = date(2010, 10, 8)
...     mock_date.side_effect = lambda *args, **kw: date(*args, **kw)
...
...     assert mymodule.date.today() == date(2010, 10, 8)
...     assert mymodule.date(2009, 6, 8) == date(2009, 6, 8)
...

monkeypatch的最小工作示例

这个解决方案使用https://pypi.org/project/pytest-mock/包中的monkeypatch。

特点:

仅模拟datetime.today()，但datetime.now()仍然可以正常工作 仅在特定范围内模拟(即块)

import sys
from datetime import datetime

MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY = datetime(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)

class MockedDatetime(datetime):
    @classmethod
    def today(cls):
        return MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY

def test_mock_datetime_today(monkeypatch):
    """Only datetime.today() is mocked and returns some date in 1900. datetime.now() returns still the current date."""
    with monkeypatch.context() as mpc:
        mpc.setattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'datetime', MockedDatetime)
        assert datetime.today() == MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY  # datetime.today() mocked
        assert datetime.now() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY    # datetime.now() not mocked

    assert datetime.today() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY  # not mocked anymore

http://blog.xelnor.net/python-mocking-datetime/中讨论了几种解决方案。总而言之:

模拟对象-简单有效，但打破isinstance()检查:

target = datetime.datetime(2009, 1, 1)
with mock.patch.object(datetime, 'datetime', mock.Mock(wraps=datetime.datetime)) as patched:
    patched.now.return_value = target
    print(datetime.datetime.now())

模拟类

import datetime
import mock

real_datetime_class = datetime.datetime

def mock_datetime_now(target, dt):
    class DatetimeSubclassMeta(type):
        @classmethod
        def __instancecheck__(mcs, obj):
            return isinstance(obj, real_datetime_class)

    class BaseMockedDatetime(real_datetime_class):
        @classmethod
        def now(cls, tz=None):
            return target.replace(tzinfo=tz)

        @classmethod
        def utcnow(cls):
            return target

    # Python2 & Python3 compatible metaclass
    MockedDatetime = DatetimeSubclassMeta('datetime', (BaseMockedDatetime,), {})

    return mock.patch.object(dt, 'datetime', MockedDatetime)

使用:

with mock_datetime_now(target, datetime):
   ....