谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
当前回答
值得注意的是,Mock文档专门讨论了datetime.date.today,并且可以在不创建虚拟类的情况下做到这一点:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock-examples.html#partial-mocking
>>> from datetime import date
>>> with patch('mymodule.date') as mock_date:
... mock_date.today.return_value = date(2010, 10, 8)
... mock_date.side_effect = lambda *args, **kw: date(*args, **kw)
...
... assert mymodule.date.today() == date(2010, 10, 8)
... assert mymodule.date(2009, 6, 8) == date(2009, 6, 8)
...
其他回答
我想我来晚了一点,但我认为这里的主要问题是您直接修补datetime.date.today,根据文档,这是错误的。
例如,您应该修补在测试函数所在的文件中导入的引用。
假设你有一个functions.py文件,其中包含以下内容:
import datetime
def get_today():
return datetime.date.today()
然后,在你的测试中,你应该有这样的东西
import datetime
import unittest
from functions import get_today
from mock import patch, Mock
class GetTodayTest(unittest.TestCase):
@patch('functions.datetime')
def test_get_today(self, datetime_mock):
datetime_mock.date.today = Mock(return_value=datetime.strptime('Jun 1 2005', '%b %d %Y'))
value = get_today()
# then assert your thing...
希望这能对你有所帮助。
另一种选择是使用 https://github.com/spulec/freezegun/
安装:
pip install freezegun
并使用它:
from freezegun import freeze_time
@freeze_time("2012-01-01")
def test_something():
from datetime import datetime
print(datetime.now()) # 2012-01-01 00:00:00
from datetime import date
print(date.today()) # 2012-01-01
它还会影响其他模块的方法调用中的其他datetime调用:
other_module.py:
from datetime import datetime
def other_method():
print(datetime.now())
main.py:
from freezegun import freeze_time
@freeze_time("2012-01-01")
def test_something():
import other_module
other_module.other_method()
最后:
$ python main.py
# 2012-01-01
您可以使用以下基于Daniel G解的方法。这个方法的优点是不会破坏isinstance(d, datetime.date)的类型检查。
import mock
def fixed_today(today):
from datetime import date
class FakeDateType(type):
def __instancecheck__(self, instance):
return isinstance(instance, date)
class FakeDate(date):
__metaclass__ = FakeDateType
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
return date.__new__(date, *args, **kwargs)
@staticmethod
def today():
return today
return mock.patch("datetime.date", FakeDate)
基本上,我们取代了基于c语言的datetime。Date类,使用我们自己的python子类,生成原始的datetime。日期实例,并响应isinstance()查询完全与本机datetime.date相同。
在测试中使用它作为上下文管理器:
with fixed_today(datetime.date(2013, 11, 22)):
# run the code under test
# note, that these type checks will not break when patch is active:
assert isinstance(datetime.date.today(), datetime.date)
类似的方法可用于模拟datetime.datetime.now()函数。
monkeypatch的最小工作示例
这个解决方案使用https://pypi.org/project/pytest-mock/包中的monkeypatch。
特点:
仅模拟datetime.today(),但datetime.now()仍然可以正常工作 仅在特定范围内模拟(即块)
import sys
from datetime import datetime
MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY = datetime(1900, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
class MockedDatetime(datetime):
@classmethod
def today(cls):
return MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY
def test_mock_datetime_today(monkeypatch):
"""Only datetime.today() is mocked and returns some date in 1900. datetime.now() returns still the current date."""
with monkeypatch.context() as mpc:
mpc.setattr(sys.modules[__name__], 'datetime', MockedDatetime)
assert datetime.today() == MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # datetime.today() mocked
assert datetime.now() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # datetime.now() not mocked
assert datetime.today() > MOCKED_DATETIME_TODAY # not mocked anymore
对我来说最简单的方法是:
import datetime
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
def test():
datetime_mock = Mock(wraps=datetime.datetime)
datetime_mock.now.return_value = datetime.datetime(1999, 1, 1)
with patch('datetime.datetime', new=datetime_mock):
assert datetime.datetime.now() == datetime.datetime(1999, 1, 1)
注意:target_module中的datetime模块中的所有功能都将停止工作。