谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
谁能告诉我为什么这行不通?
>>> import mock
>>> @mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
... def today(cls):
... return date(2010, 1, 1)
...
>>> from datetime import date
>>> date.today()
datetime.date(2010, 12, 19)
也许有人能提出一个更好的办法?
当前回答
你可以用这个来模拟datetime:
在sources.py模块中:
import datetime
class ShowTime:
def current_date():
return datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
在您的tests.py中:
from unittest import TestCase, mock
import datetime
class TestShowTime(TestCase):
def setUp(self) -> None:
self.st = sources.ShowTime()
super().setUp()
@mock.patch('sources.datetime.date')
def test_current_date(self, date_mock):
date_mock.today.return_value = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=10, day=1)
current_date = self.st.current_date()
self.assertEqual(current_date, '2019-10-01')
其他回答
有一些问题。
首先,你使用模拟的方式。帕奇说得不太对。当用作装饰器时,它只在被装饰的函数内用Mock对象替换给定的函数/类(在本例中为datetime.date.today)。因此,只有在today()中,datetime.date.today才会是一个不同的函数,这似乎不是你想要的。
你真正想要的似乎是这样的:
@mock.patch('datetime.date.today')
def test():
datetime.date.today.return_value = date(2010, 1, 1)
print datetime.date.today()
不幸的是,这行不通:
>>> test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/mock.py", line 557, in patched
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/mock.py", line 620, in __enter__
TypeError: can't set attributes of built-in/extension type 'datetime.date'
这是失败的,因为Python内置类型是不可变的-更多细节请参阅这个答案。
在本例中,我将继承datetime的子类。日期自己,并创建正确的函数:
import datetime
class NewDate(datetime.date):
@classmethod
def today(cls):
return cls(2010, 1, 1)
datetime.date = NewDate
现在你可以这样做:
>>> datetime.date.today()
NewDate(2010, 1, 1)
对于那些在测试类中使用补丁程序的人,下面是我如何成功地修补datetime功能:
from datetime import datetime
import unittest
from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
# Replace with the proper path to the module you would
# like datetime to be mocked
from path.to.my_module
class MyTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
"""execute on class instantiation"""
# Record both times at the same moment
self.dt_now, self.dt_utcnow = datetime.now(), datetime.utcnow()
# After retrieving real (or hardcoded datetime values),
# proceed to mock them in desired module
self.patch_datetime_functions()
def patch_datetime_functions(self) -> None:
"""
Patch datetime.now() and datetime.utcnow() to prevent issues when
comparing expected dates
"""
# Create a patcher
self.patcher_dt = patch(
'path.to.my_module'
)
# Start but make sure cleanup always occurs
self.patcher_dt.start()
self.addCleanup(self.patcher_dt.stop)
# Perform the actual patch – use lambdas as mock functions
datetime_mock = Mock(wraps=datetime)
datetime_mock.now.return_value = self.dt_now
datetime_mock.utcnow.return_value = self.dt_utcnow
my_module.datetime = datetime_mock
# Here's what it will look like when testing:
def some_test(self):
curr_dt = self.dt_now
returned_dt = my_module.datetime.utcnow()
# Compare the dates
self.assertEqual(curr_dt, returned_dt,
'Datetime values should be equal'
)
下面是另一种模拟datetime.date.today()的方法,其额外的好处是其余的datetime函数继续工作,因为模拟对象被配置为包装原始的datetime模块:
from unittest import mock, TestCase
import foo_module
class FooTest(TestCase):
@mock.patch(f'{foo_module.__name__}.datetime', wraps=datetime)
def test_something(self, mock_datetime):
# mock only datetime.date.today()
mock_datetime.date.today.return_value = datetime.date(2019, 3, 15)
# other calls to datetime functions will be forwarded to original datetime
注意mock.patch()的wraps=datetime参数——当foo_module使用date.today()之外的其他datetime函数时,它们将被转发到原始包装的datetime模块。
我想我来晚了一点,但我认为这里的主要问题是您直接修补datetime.date.today,根据文档,这是错误的。
例如,您应该修补在测试函数所在的文件中导入的引用。
假设你有一个functions.py文件,其中包含以下内容:
import datetime
def get_today():
return datetime.date.today()
然后,在你的测试中,你应该有这样的东西
import datetime
import unittest
from functions import get_today
from mock import patch, Mock
class GetTodayTest(unittest.TestCase):
@patch('functions.datetime')
def test_get_today(self, datetime_mock):
datetime_mock.date.today = Mock(return_value=datetime.strptime('Jun 1 2005', '%b %d %Y'))
value = get_today()
# then assert your thing...
希望这能对你有所帮助。
对我来说,最好的方法是结合@Daniel G和@frx08的解决方案:
class Test_mock_date:
class NewDate(datetime.datetime):
@classmethod
def now(cls, tz=None):
return cls(2021, 5, 12)
def test_mock_date(self):
with patch('datetime.datetime', new = self.NewDate):
assert datetime.datetime.now() == datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 12, 0, 0)
你可以看看下面我写的关于如何使用MagicMock的不同示例的中型文章https://medium.com/@camposer/d2113513b365