感谢您提供的代码示例。 我不得不修改它，让它与上下文菜单一起工作。 这就是我的解。

    static final Class<?>[] constructorSignature = new Class[] {Context.class, AttributeSet.class};

class MenuColorFix implements LayoutInflater.Factory {
    public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("com.android.internal.view.menu.ListMenuItemView")) {
            try {
                Class<? extends ViewGroup> clazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(name).asSubclass(ViewGroup.class);
                Constructor<? extends ViewGroup> constructor = clazz.getConstructor(constructorSignature);
                final ViewGroup view = constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{context,attrs});

                new Handler().post(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            view.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLACK);
                            List<View> children = getAllChildren(view);
                            for(int i = 0; i< children.size(); i++) {
                                View child = children.get(i);
                                if ( child instanceof TextView ) {
                                    ((TextView)child).setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Exception e) {
                            Log.i(TAG, "Caught Exception!",e);
                        }

                    }
                });
                return view;
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Log.i(TAG, "Caught Exception!",e);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }       
}

public List<View> getAllChildren(ViewGroup vg) {
    ArrayList<View> result = new ArrayList<View>();
    for ( int i = 0; i < vg.getChildCount(); i++ ) {
        View child = vg.getChildAt(i);
        if ( child instanceof ViewGroup) {
            result.addAll(getAllChildren((ViewGroup)child));
        }
        else {
            result.add(child);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
    LayoutInflater lInflater = getLayoutInflater();
    if ( lInflater.getFactory() == null ) {
        lInflater.setFactory(new MenuColorFix());
    }
    super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.myMenu, menu);
}

对我来说，这适用于Android 1.6、2.03和4.03。

我的情况是在选项菜单中设置文本颜色(主应用程序菜单显示在菜单按钮按下)。

在API 16中测试，使用AppCompat -v7-27.0.2库，MainActivity的AppCompat活动和AndroidManifest.xml应用程序的AppCompat主题。

styles.xml:

<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
  <item name="actionBarPopupTheme">@style/PopupTheme</item>
</style>

<style name="PopupTheme" parent="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light">
  <item name="android:textColorSecondary">#f00</item>
</style>

不知道textColorSecondary是否影响其他元素，但它控制菜单文本的颜色。

我搜索了一些关于这个主题的示例，但所有现成的代码片段都不起作用。

所以我想用appcompat-v7库的源代码(特别是.aar包的res文件夹)来研究它。

不过在我的例子中，我使用了带有爆炸性.aar依赖项的Eclipse。因此，我可以更改默认样式并检查结果。不知道如何爆炸库与Gradle或Android Studio直接使用。它值得进行另一项调查。

所以我的目的是找到res/values/values.xml文件中用于菜单文本的颜色(我几乎确定颜色在那里)。

I opened that file, then duplicated all colors, put them below the default ones to override them and assigned #f00 value to all of them. Start the app. Many elements had red background or text color. And the menu items too. That was what I needed. Removing my added colors by blocks of 5-10 lines I ended with the secondary_text_default_material_light color item. Searching that name in the files within the res folder (or better within res/colors) I found only one occurrence in the color/abc_secondary_text_material_light.xml file (I used Sublime Text for these operations so it's easier to find thing I need). Back to the values.xml 8 usages were found for the @color/abc_secondary_text_material_light. It was a Light theme so 4 left in 2 themes: Base.ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light and Platform.AppCompat.Light. The first theme was a child of the second one so there were only 2 attributes with that color resource: android:textColorSecondary and android:textColorTertiaryin the Base.ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light. Changing their values directly in the values.xml and running the app I found that the final correct attribute was android:textColorSecondary. Next I needed a theme or another attribute so I could change it in my app's style.xml (because my theme had as the parent the Theme.AppCompat.Light and not the ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light). I searched in the same file for the Base.ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light. It had a child ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light. Searching for the ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light I found its usage in the Base.Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar theme as the actionBarPopupTheme attribute value. My app's theme Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar was a child of the found Base.Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar so I could use that attribute in my styles.xml without problems. As it's seen in the example code above I created a child theme from the mentioned ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light and changed the android:textColorSecondary attribute.

看来

  <item name="android:itemTextAppearance">@style/myCustomMenuTextAppearance</item>

在我的主题中

   <style name="myCustomMenuTextAppearance" parent="@android:style/TextAppearance.Widget.IconMenu.Item">
        <item name="android:textColor">@android:color/primary_text_dark</item>
    </style>

在styles.xml中，更改列表项的样式，但不更改菜单项的样式。

试试这段代码....

 @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
         inflater.inflate(R.menu.my_menu, menu);

        getLayoutInflater().setFactory(new Factory() {
            @Override
            public View onCreateView(String name, Context context,
                    AttributeSet attrs) {

                if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("com.android.internal.view.menu.IconMenuItemView")) {
                    try {
                        LayoutInflater f = getLayoutInflater();
                        final View view = f.createView(name, null, attrs);

                        new Handler().post(new Runnable() {
                            public void run() {

                                // set the background drawable
                                 view.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.my_ac_menu_background);

                                // set the text color
                                ((TextView) view).setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
                            }
                        });
                        return view;
                    } catch (InflateException e) {
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }
        });
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

这是你如何用颜色给一个特定的菜单项上色，适用于所有API级别:

public static void setToolbarMenuItemTextColor(final Toolbar toolbar,
                                               final @ColorRes int color,
                                               @IdRes final int resId) {
    if (toolbar != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < toolbar.getChildCount(); i++) {
            final View view = toolbar.getChildAt(i);
            if (view instanceof ActionMenuView) {
                final ActionMenuView actionMenuView = (ActionMenuView) view;
                // view children are accessible only after layout-ing
                actionMenuView.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        for (int j = 0; j < actionMenuView.getChildCount(); j++) {
                            final View innerView = actionMenuView.getChildAt(j);
                            if (innerView instanceof ActionMenuItemView) {
                                final ActionMenuItemView itemView = (ActionMenuItemView) innerView;
                                if (resId == itemView.getId()) {
                                    itemView.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(toolbar.getContext(), color));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }
}

通过这样做，你会失去背景选择器的效果，所以下面的代码将一个自定义的背景选择器应用到所有菜单项的子项上。

public static void setToolbarMenuItemsBackgroundSelector(final Context context,
                                                         final Toolbar toolbar) {
    if (toolbar != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < toolbar.getChildCount(); i++) {
            final View view = toolbar.getChildAt(i);
            if (view instanceof ImageButton) {
                // left toolbar icon (navigation, hamburger, ...)
                UiHelper.setViewBackgroundSelector(context, view);
            } else if (view instanceof ActionMenuView) {
                final ActionMenuView actionMenuView = (ActionMenuView) view;

                // view children are accessible only after layout-ing
                actionMenuView.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        for (int j = 0; j < actionMenuView.getChildCount(); j++) {
                            final View innerView = actionMenuView.getChildAt(j);
                            if (innerView instanceof ActionMenuItemView) {
                                // text item views
                                final ActionMenuItemView itemView = (ActionMenuItemView) innerView;
                                UiHelper.setViewBackgroundSelector(context, itemView);

                                // icon item views
                                for (int k = 0; k < itemView.getCompoundDrawables().length; k++) {
                                    if (itemView.getCompoundDrawables()[k] != null) {
                                        UiHelper.setViewBackgroundSelector(context, itemView);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }
}

下面是helper函数:

public static void setViewBackgroundSelector(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull View itemView) {
    int[] attrs = new int[]{R.attr.selectableItemBackgroundBorderless};
    TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs);
    Drawable drawable = ta.getDrawable(0);
    ta.recycle();

    ViewCompat.setBackground(itemView, drawable);
}

@Override
public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.search, menu);


    MenuItem myActionMenuItem = menu.findItem( R.id.action_search);
    SearchView searchView = (SearchView) myActionMenuItem.getActionView();

    EditText searchEditText = (EditText) searchView.findViewById(android.support.v7.appcompat.R.id.search_src_text);
    searchEditText.setTextColor(Color.WHITE); //You color here