在dealloc中清理。

这是最容易忘记的事情之一——尤其是在以150英里/小时的速度编码时。总是，总是，总是清理dealloc中的属性/成员变量。

我喜欢使用Objc 2属性-新的点表示法-所以这使得清理变得无痛。通常很简单:

- (void)dealloc
{
    self.someAttribute = NULL;
    [super dealloc];
}

这将为您处理发布，并将属性设置为NULL(我认为这是防御性编程——以防dealloc中的另一个方法再次访问成员变量——很少，但也可能发生)。

在10.5中打开GC后，就不再需要这么多了——但是你可能仍然需要清理你创建的其他资源，你可以在finalize方法中做这件事。

如果您使用的是Leopard (Mac OS X 10.5)或更高版本，则可以使用Instruments应用程序来查找和跟踪内存泄漏。在Xcode中构建程序后，选择使用性能工具> Leaks运行>。

即使你的应用程序没有显示任何泄漏，你可能把对象保存得太久了。在Instruments中，您可以为此使用ObjectAlloc工具。在Instruments文档中选择ObjectAlloc乐器，并通过选择View > detail(它旁边应该有一个复选标记)来显示乐器的详细信息(如果还没有显示的话)。在ObjectAlloc详细信息中的“分配生命周期”下，确保选择“已创建和仍然存在”旁边的单选按钮。

现在，每当您停止记录应用程序时，选择ObjectAlloc工具将在“# Net”列中显示对应用程序中每个仍然活动的对象的引用数。确保不仅要查看自己的类，还要查看NIB文件的顶级对象的类。例如，如果你在屏幕上没有窗口，而你看到一个仍然存在的NSWindow的引用，你可能没有在你的代码中释放它。

我知道我在第一次接触Cocoa编程时忽略了这一点。

确保您了解有关NIB文件的内存管理职责。您负责释放所加载的任何NIB文件中的顶级对象。阅读苹果关于这个主题的文档。

其中一些已经被提到过，但以下是我能想到的:

Follow KVO naming rules. Even if you don't use KVO now, in my experience often times it's still beneficial in the future. And if you are using KVO or bindings, you need to know things are going work the way they are supposed to. This covers not just accessor methods and instance variables, but to-many relationships, validation, auto-notifying dependent keys, and so on. Put private methods in a category. Not just the interface, but the implementation as well. It's good to have some distance conceptually between private and non-private methods. I include everything in my .m file. Put background thread methods in a category. Same as above. I've found it's good to keep a clear conceptual barrier when you're thinking about what's on the main thread and what's not. Use #pragma mark [section]. Usually I group by my own methods, each subclass's overrides, and any information or formal protocols. This makes it a lot easier to jump to exactly what I'm looking for. On the same topic, group similar methods (like a table view's delegate methods) together, don't just stick them anywhere. Prefix private methods & ivars with _. I like the way it looks, and I'm less likely to use an ivar when I mean a property by accident. Don't use mutator methods / properties in init & dealloc. I've never had anything bad happen because of it, but I can see the logic if you change the method to do something that depends on the state of your object. Put IBOutlets in properties. I actually just read this one here, but I'm going to start doing it. Regardless of any memory benefits, it seems better stylistically (at least to me). Avoid writing code you don't absolutely need. This really covers a lot of things, like making ivars when a #define will do, or caching an array instead of sorting it each time the data is needed. There's a lot I could say about this, but the bottom line is don't write code until you need it, or the profiler tells you to. It makes things a lot easier to maintain in the long run. Finish what you start. Having a lot of half-finished, buggy code is the fastest way to kill a project dead. If you need a stub method that's fine, just indicate it by putting NSLog( @"stub" ) inside, or however you want to keep track of things.

不要使用未知字符串作为格式字符串

当方法或函数接受格式字符串参数时，应确保能够控制格式字符串的内容。

例如，当记录字符串时，很容易将字符串变量作为唯一参数传递给NSLog:

    NSString *aString = // get a string from somewhere;
    NSLog(aString);

这样做的问题是，字符串可能包含被解释为格式字符串的字符。这可能导致错误的输出、崩溃和安全问题。相反，你应该将字符串变量替换为一个格式字符串:

    NSLog(@"%@", aString);

尽量避免我现在决定称之为“新类别yaholism”的现象。当Objective-C的新手发现类别时，他们通常会疯狂地为现有的每个类添加有用的小类别(“什么?我可以添加一个方法来转换一个数字到罗马数字到NSNumber岩石上!”)。

不要这样做。

你的代码将更容易移植，更容易理解，因为没有几十个小类别方法散布在20多个基础类之上。

大多数时候，当你真的认为你需要一个类别方法来帮助简化一些代码时，你会发现你永远不会重用这个方法。

还有其他的危险，除非你对你的分类方法进行命名空间(除了疯狂的ddribin，还有谁会这么做呢?)，在你的地址空间中运行的苹果、插件或其他东西也有可能用相同的名称定义相同的分类方法，但副作用略有不同....

好的。现在你已经被警告过了，忽略“不要做这部分”。但是要极度克制。