功能性更强。

Objective-C是面向对象的语言，但是Cocoa框架是函数式风格的，并且在很多情况下是函数式设计的。

There is separation of mutability. Use immutable classes as primary, and mutable object as secondary. For instance, use NSArray primarily, and use NSMutableArray only when you need. There is pure functions. Not so many, buy many of framework APIs are designed like pure function. Look at functions such as CGRectMake() or CGAffineTransformMake(). Obviously pointer form looks more efficient. However indirect argument with pointers can't offer side-effect-free. Design structures purely as much as possible. Separate even state objects. Use -copy instead of -retain when passing a value to other object. Because shared state can influence mutation to value in other object silently. So can't be side-effect-free. If you have a value from external from object, copy it. So it's also important designing shared state as minimal as possible.

但是也不要害怕使用不纯函数。

There is lazy evaluation. See something like -[UIViewController view] property. The view won't be created when the object is created. It'll be created when caller reading view property at first time. UIImage will not be loaded until it actually being drawn. There are many implementation like this design. This kind of designs are very helpful for resource management, but if you don't know the concept of lazy evaluation, it's not easy to understand behavior of them. There is closure. Use C-blocks as much as possible. This will simplify your life greatly. But read once more about block-memory-management before using it. There is semi-auto GC. NSAutoreleasePool. Use -autorelease primary. Use manual -retain/-release secondary when you really need. (ex: memory optimization, explicit resource deletion)

@kendell

而不是:

@interface MyClass (private)
- (void) someMethod
- (void) someOtherMethod
@end

Use:

@interface MyClass ()
- (void) someMethod
- (void) someOtherMethod
@end

Objective-C 2.0新功能。

Apple的Objective-C 2.0参考中描述了类扩展。

类扩展允许你在主类@interface块之外的位置为类声明额外的必需API

所以它们是实际类的一部分——而不是类之外的(私有)类别。细微但重要的区别。

不要忘记NSWindowController和NSViewController会释放它们所控制的NIB文件的顶级对象。

如果手动加载NIB文件，则在使用完该NIB的顶级对象后，需要负责释放它们。

我看到的苹果提供的示例将App委托视为一个全局数据存储，一种数据管理器。这是错误的。创建一个单例，并在App委托中实例化它，但不要将App委托用作应用程序级事件处理以外的任何东西。我衷心赞同这篇博客文章中的建议。这条线索暴露了我。

不要把Objective-C写成Java/ c# / c++等。

我曾经看到一个编写Java EE web应用程序的团队尝试编写Cocoa桌面应用程序。就好像它是一个Java EE web应用程序。有很多AbstractFooFactory、FooFactory、IFoo和Foo，而他们真正需要的只是一个Foo类，可能还有一个Fooable协议。

确保你不这样做的部分原因是真正理解语言的差异。例如，您不需要上面的抽象工厂和工厂类，因为Objective-C类方法和实例方法一样是动态分派的，并且可以在子类中重写。

IBOutlets

从历史上看，outlet的内存管理一直很差。 当前的最佳实践是将outlet声明为属性:

@interface MyClass :NSObject {
    NSTextField *textField;
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet NSTextField *textField;
@end

使用属性使内存管理语义清晰;如果使用实例变量综合，它还提供了一致的模式。