如果你在嵌入式项目或专门的平台上工作，静态库是唯一的方法，而且很多时候它们编译到你的应用程序中不是那么麻烦。同时，拥有包含一切的项目和makefile会让生活更快乐。

如果您的库将在几个可执行文件之间共享，那么将其动态化以减少可执行文件的大小通常是有意义的。否则，一定要让它是静态的。

使用dll有几个缺点。装载和卸载它有额外的开销。还有一个额外的依赖关系。如果您更改dll使其与执行表不兼容，则它们将停止工作。另一方面，如果您更改了静态库，则使用旧版本编译的可执行文件将不会受到影响。

静态库被编译到客户机中。在编译时使用.lib，库的内容成为消费可执行文件的一部分。

动态库在运行时加载，而不是编译到客户端可执行文件中。动态库更加灵活，因为多个客户端可执行文件可以加载一个DLL并利用它的功能。这也将客户端代码的总体大小和可维护性保持在最小。

c++程序的构建分两个阶段

编译——生成目标代码(.obj) 链接——生成可执行代码(.exe或.dll)

静态库(.lib)只是一个.obj文件的包，因此不是一个完整的程序。它还没有经历构建程序的第二个(链接)阶段。另一方面，dll类似于exe，因此是完整的程序。

如果你构建了一个静态库，它还没有被链接，因此你的静态库的消费者将不得不使用与你使用的相同的编译器(如果你使用g++，他们将不得不使用g++)。

如果相反，您构建了一个dll(并且正确地构建了它)，那么您已经构建了一个所有消费者都可以使用的完整程序，无论他们使用哪种编译器。但是，如果需要跨编译器兼容性，则从dll导出有几个限制。

真正的权衡(在一个大型项目中)是在初始加载时间，库将在某个时间被链接，必须做出的决定是链接是否需要足够长的时间，以至于编译器需要咬紧牙关并提前完成，还是动态链接器可以在加载时完成。

其他人已经充分解释了静态库是什么，但我想指出一些使用静态库的注意事项，至少在Windows上:

Singletons: If something needs to be global/static and unique, be very careful about putting it in a static library. If multiple DLLs are linked against that static library they will each get their own copy of the singleton. However, if your application is a single EXE with no custom DLLs, this may not be a problem. Unreferenced code removal: When you link against a static library, only the parts of the static library that are referenced by your DLL/EXE will get linked into your DLL/EXE. For example, if mylib.lib contains a.obj and b.obj and your DLL/EXE only references functions or variables from a.obj, the entirety of b.obj will get discarded by the linker. If b.obj contains global/static objects, their constructors and destructors will not get executed. If those constructors/destructors have side effects, you may be disappointed by their absence. Likewise, if the static library contains special entrypoints you may need to take care that they are actually included. An example of this in embedded programming (okay, not Windows) would be an interrupt handler that is marked as being at a specific address. You also need to mark the interrupt handler as an entrypoint to make sure it doesn't get discarded. Another consequence of this is that a static library may contain object files that are completely unusable due to unresolved references, but it won't cause a linker error until you reference a function or variable from those object files. This may happen long after the library is written. Debug symbols: You may want a separate PDB for each static library, or you may want the debug symbols to be placed in the object files so that they get rolled into the PDB for the DLL/EXE. The Visual C++ documentation explains the necessary options. RTTI: You may end up with multiple type_info objects for the same class if you link a single static library into multiple DLLs. If your program assumes that type_info is "singleton" data and uses &typeid() or type_info::before(), you may get undesirable and surprising results.