其他人已经充分解释了静态库是什么，但我想指出一些使用静态库的注意事项，至少在Windows上:

Singletons: If something needs to be global/static and unique, be very careful about putting it in a static library. If multiple DLLs are linked against that static library they will each get their own copy of the singleton. However, if your application is a single EXE with no custom DLLs, this may not be a problem. Unreferenced code removal: When you link against a static library, only the parts of the static library that are referenced by your DLL/EXE will get linked into your DLL/EXE. For example, if mylib.lib contains a.obj and b.obj and your DLL/EXE only references functions or variables from a.obj, the entirety of b.obj will get discarded by the linker. If b.obj contains global/static objects, their constructors and destructors will not get executed. If those constructors/destructors have side effects, you may be disappointed by their absence. Likewise, if the static library contains special entrypoints you may need to take care that they are actually included. An example of this in embedded programming (okay, not Windows) would be an interrupt handler that is marked as being at a specific address. You also need to mark the interrupt handler as an entrypoint to make sure it doesn't get discarded. Another consequence of this is that a static library may contain object files that are completely unusable due to unresolved references, but it won't cause a linker error until you reference a function or variable from those object files. This may happen long after the library is written. Debug symbols: You may want a separate PDB for each static library, or you may want the debug symbols to be placed in the object files so that they get rolled into the PDB for the DLL/EXE. The Visual C++ documentation explains the necessary options. RTTI: You may end up with multiple type_info objects for the same class if you link a single static library into multiple DLLs. If your program assumes that type_info is "singleton" data and uses &typeid() or type_info::before(), you may get undesirable and surprising results.

除了静态库与动态库的技术影响(静态文件将所有内容捆绑在一个大的二进制文件中，而动态库允许在几个不同的可执行文件之间共享代码)之外，还有法律影响。

例如，如果您正在使用LGPL许可的代码，并且静态地链接到一个LGPL库(从而创建了一个大的二进制文件)，那么您的代码将自动成为开源(自由)LGPL代码。如果您链接到一个共享对象，那么您只需要LGPL对LGPL库本身所做的改进/错误修复。

例如，如果你决定如何编译你的移动应用程序，这就成为一个更重要的问题(在Android中你可以选择静态和动态，在iOS中你不能-它总是静态的)。

如果您的库将在几个可执行文件之间共享，那么将其动态化以减少可执行文件的大小通常是有意义的。否则，一定要让它是静态的。

使用dll有几个缺点。装载和卸载它有额外的开销。还有一个额外的依赖关系。如果您更改dll使其与执行表不兼容，则它们将停止工作。另一方面，如果您更改了静态库，则使用旧版本编译的可执行文件将不会受到影响。

关于这个主题的精彩讨论，请阅读Sun的这篇文章。

它包含了所有的好处，包括能够插入插入库。关于插入的更多细节可以在这篇文章中找到。

Static libraries are archives that contain the object code for the library, when linked into an application that code is compiled into the executable. Shared libraries are different in that they aren't compiled into the executable. Instead the dynamic linker searches some directories looking for the library(s) it needs, then loads that into memory. More then one executable can use the same shared library at the same time, thus reducing memory usage and executable size. However, there are then more files to distribute with the executable. You need to make sure that the library is installed onto the uses system somewhere where the linker can find it, static linking eliminates this problem but results in a larger executable file.

静态库增加了二进制文件中代码的大小。它们总是被加载，无论你用什么版本的代码编译，都是将运行的代码版本。

动态库的存储和版本是分开的。如果更新被认为与原始版本二进制兼容，则有可能加载的动态库版本不是随代码附带的原始版本。

此外，动态库不一定被加载——它们通常在第一次调用时被加载——并且可以在使用相同库的组件之间共享(多个数据加载，一个代码加载)。

动态库在大多数时候被认为是更好的方法，但最初它们有一个重大缺陷(谷歌DLL地狱)，这个缺陷几乎被最近的Windows操作系统(特别是Windows XP)所消除。