我把@tokland的回答与http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html的知识相结合，当我注意到如果我正在运行一个前台进程(不是后台的&)，陷阱不会触发:

#!/bin/bash

# killable-shell.sh: Kills itself and all children (the whole process group) when killed.
# Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2173421 and http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html
# Note: Does not work (and cannot work) when the shell itself is killed with SIGKILL, for then the trap is not triggered.
trap "trap - SIGTERM && echo 'Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group' && kill -- -$$" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT

echo $@
"$@" &
PID=$!
wait $PID
trap - SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
wait $PID

它工作的例子:

$ bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
sleep 100
^Z
[1]  + 31568 suspended  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31568  0.0  0.0  19640  1440 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
niklas   31569  0.0  0.0  14404   616 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 sleep 100
niklas   31605  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:30   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

$ bg
[1]  + 31568 continued  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ kill 31568
Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group
[1]  + 31568 terminated  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31717  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:31   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

为了安全起见，我发现最好定义一个清理函数并从trap中调用它:

cleanup() {
        local pids=$(jobs -pr)
        [ -n "$pids" ] && kill $pids
}
trap "cleanup" INT QUIT TERM EXIT [...]

或完全避免该函数:

trap '[ -n "$(jobs -pr)" ] && kill $(jobs -pr)' INT QUIT TERM EXIT [...]

为什么?因为通过简单地使用陷阱'kill $(jobs -pr)'[…]当陷阱条件发出信号时，就会有后台作业在运行。当没有工作时，会看到以下(或类似的)消息:

kill: usage: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]

因为jobs -pr是空的——我在那个“陷阱”中结束了(双关语)。

脚本的加载。运行一个killall(或操作系统上可用的任何命令)命令，该命令在脚本完成后立即执行。

function cleanup_func {
    sleep 0.5
    echo cleanup
}

trap "exit \$exit_code" INT TERM
trap "exit_code=\$?; cleanup_func; kill 0" EXIT

# exit 1
# exit 0

类似于https://stackoverflow.com/a/22644006/10082476，但增加了退出代码

为了清理一些混乱，陷阱可以使用。它可以提供特定信号到达时执行的内容列表:

trap "echo hello" SIGINT

但如果shell退出，也可以用来执行一些东西:

trap "killall background" EXIT

它是内置的，所以帮助陷阱会给你信息(适用于bash)。如果你只想消灭后台工作，你可以做到

trap 'kill $(jobs -p)' EXIT

注意使用单个'，以防止shell立即替换$()。

我把@tokland的回答与http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html的知识相结合，当我注意到如果我正在运行一个前台进程(不是后台的&)，陷阱不会触发:

#!/bin/bash

# killable-shell.sh: Kills itself and all children (the whole process group) when killed.
# Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2173421 and http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html
# Note: Does not work (and cannot work) when the shell itself is killed with SIGKILL, for then the trap is not triggered.
trap "trap - SIGTERM && echo 'Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group' && kill -- -$$" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT

echo $@
"$@" &
PID=$!
wait $PID
trap - SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
wait $PID

它工作的例子:

$ bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
sleep 100
^Z
[1]  + 31568 suspended  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31568  0.0  0.0  19640  1440 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
niklas   31569  0.0  0.0  14404   616 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 sleep 100
niklas   31605  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:30   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

$ bg
[1]  + 31568 continued  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ kill 31568
Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group
[1]  + 31568 terminated  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31717  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:31   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep