我把@tokland的回答与http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html的知识相结合，当我注意到如果我正在运行一个前台进程(不是后台的&)，陷阱不会触发:

#!/bin/bash

# killable-shell.sh: Kills itself and all children (the whole process group) when killed.
# Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2173421 and http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html
# Note: Does not work (and cannot work) when the shell itself is killed with SIGKILL, for then the trap is not triggered.
trap "trap - SIGTERM && echo 'Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group' && kill -- -$$" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT

echo $@
"$@" &
PID=$!
wait $PID
trap - SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
wait $PID

它工作的例子:

$ bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
sleep 100
^Z
[1]  + 31568 suspended  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31568  0.0  0.0  19640  1440 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
niklas   31569  0.0  0.0  14404   616 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 sleep 100
niklas   31605  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:30   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

$ bg
[1]  + 31568 continued  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ kill 31568
Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group
[1]  + 31568 terminated  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31717  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:31   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

脚本的加载。运行一个killall(或操作系统上可用的任何命令)命令，该命令在脚本完成后立即执行。

通用解决方案，也在sh中工作(工作不输出任何东西到stdout):

trap "pkill -P $$" EXIT INT

为了清理一些混乱，陷阱可以使用。它可以提供特定信号到达时执行的内容列表:

trap "echo hello" SIGINT

但如果shell退出，也可以用来执行一些东西:

trap "killall background" EXIT

它是内置的，所以帮助陷阱会给你信息(适用于bash)。如果你只想消灭后台工作，你可以做到

trap 'kill $(jobs -p)' EXIT

注意使用单个'，以防止shell立即替换$()。

在@tokland的回答中描述的陷阱“kill 0”SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT解决方案真的很好，但最新的Bash在使用它时崩溃了，分割错误。这是因为Bash，从v. 4.3开始，允许陷阱递归，在这种情况下，它变得无限:

shell进程接收到SIGINT或SIGTERM或EXIT; 信号被捕获，执行kill 0，将SIGTERM发送给组中的所有进程，包括shell本身; 转到第1节

这可以通过手动注销陷阱来解决:

trap 'trap - SIGTERM && kill 0' SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT

允许打印接收到的信号并避免“Terminated:”消息的更花哨的方式:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

trap_with_arg() { # from https://stackoverflow.com/a/2183063/804678
  local func="$1"; shift
  for sig in "$@"; do
    trap "$func $sig" "$sig"
  done
}

stop() {
  trap - SIGINT EXIT
  printf '\n%s\n' "received $1, killing child processes"
  kill -s SIGINT 0
}

trap_with_arg 'stop' EXIT SIGINT SIGTERM SIGHUP

{ i=0; while (( ++i )); do sleep 0.5 && echo "a: $i"; done } &
{ i=0; while (( ++i )); do sleep 0.6 && echo "b: $i"; done } &

while true; do read; done

UPD:增加了一个最小的例子;改进的停止功能，以避免去捕获不必要的信号，并从输出中隐藏“Terminated:”消息。感谢Trevor Boyd Smith的建议!

我把@tokland的回答与http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html的知识相结合，当我注意到如果我正在运行一个前台进程(不是后台的&)，陷阱不会触发:

#!/bin/bash

# killable-shell.sh: Kills itself and all children (the whole process group) when killed.
# Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2173421 and http://veithen.github.io/2014/11/16/sigterm-propagation.html
# Note: Does not work (and cannot work) when the shell itself is killed with SIGKILL, for then the trap is not triggered.
trap "trap - SIGTERM && echo 'Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group' && kill -- -$$" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT

echo $@
"$@" &
PID=$!
wait $PID
trap - SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
wait $PID

它工作的例子:

$ bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
sleep 100
^Z
[1]  + 31568 suspended  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31568  0.0  0.0  19640  1440 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100
niklas   31569  0.0  0.0  14404   616 pts/18   T    01:30   0:00 sleep 100
niklas   31605  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:30   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep

$ bg
[1]  + 31568 continued  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ kill 31568
Caught SIGTERM, sending SIGTERM to process group
[1]  + 31568 terminated  bash killable-shell.sh sleep 100

$ ps aux | grep "sleep"
niklas   31717  0.0  0.0  18956   936 pts/18   S+   01:31   0:00 grep --color=auto sleep