这里有一个简单的方法:

x=[1,2,20,6,210]
print sorted(set(x))

回答你的第一个问题，集合是为集合操作优化的数据结构。像数学集合一样，它不强制或维护元素的任何特定顺序。集合的抽象概念并不强制执行顺序，因此不需要实现。当你从列表中创建一个set时，Python可以根据它用于set的内部实现的需要自由地改变元素的顺序，这能够有效地执行set操作。

迟了，但你可以用熊猫，pd。转换列表，同时保持顺序:

import pandas as pd
x = pd.Series([1, 2, 20, 6, 210, 2, 1])
print(pd.unique(x))

输出: 数组([1,2,20,6,210])

适用于字符串列表

x = pd.Series(['c', 'k', 'q', 'n', 'p','c', 'n'])
print(pd.unique(x))

输出 ['c' 'k' 'q' 'n' 'p']

A set is an unordered data structure, so it does not preserve the insertion order. This depends on your requirements. If you have an normal list, and want to remove some set of elements while preserving the order of the list, you can do this with a list comprehension: >>> a = [1, 2, 20, 6, 210] >>> b = set([6, 20, 1]) >>> [x for x in a if x not in b] [2, 210] If you need a data structure that supports both fast membership tests and preservation of insertion order, you can use the keys of a Python dictionary, which starting from Python 3.7 is guaranteed to preserve the insertion order: >>> a = dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 20, 6, 210]) >>> b = dict.fromkeys([6, 20, 1]) >>> dict.fromkeys(x for x in a if x not in b) {2: None, 210: None} b doesn't really need to be ordered here – you could use a set as well. Note that a.keys() - b.keys() returns the set difference as a set, so it won't preserve the insertion order. In older versions of Python, you can use collections.OrderedDict instead: >>> a = collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys([1, 2, 20, 6, 210]) >>> b = collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys([6, 20, 1]) >>> collections.OrderedDict.fromkeys(x for x in a if x not in b) OrderedDict([(2, None), (210, None)])

有趣的是，人们总是用“现实问题”来开理论科学定义的玩笑。

如果设置有顺序，首先需要解决以下问题。 如果你的列表有重复的元素，当你把它变成一个集合时，顺序应该是什么?如果我们合并两个集合，顺序是什么?如果我们在相同的元素上相交两个不同顺序的集合是什么顺序?

另外，set在搜索特定键时要快得多，这在set操作中非常好(这就是为什么你需要set，而不是list)。

如果您真的关心索引，只需将其保存为列表即可。如果您仍然想对许多列表中的元素执行set操作，最简单的方法是为每个具有相同键的列表创建一个字典，并创建一个list值，其中包含原始列表中键的所有索引。

def indx_dic(l):
    dic = {}
    for i in range(len(l)):
        if l[i] in dic:
            dic.get(l[i]).append(i)
        else:
            dic[l[i]] = [i]
    return(dic)

a = [1,2,3,4,5,1,3,2]
set_a  = set(a)
dic_a = indx_dic(a)

print(dic_a)
# {1: [0, 5], 2: [1, 7], 3: [2, 6], 4: [3], 5: [4]}
print(set_a)
# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

如果你有少量的元素在你的两个初始列表上，你想做集差操作，而不是使用集合。OrderedDict使实现复杂化，使其可读性较差，您可以使用:

# initial lists on which you want to do set difference
>>> nums = [1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5]
>>> evens = [2,4,4,6]
>>> evens_set = set(evens)
>>> result = []
>>> for n in nums:
...   if not n in evens_set and not n in result:
...     result.append(n)
... 
>>> result
[1, 3, 5]

它的时间复杂度不是很好，但它很简洁，易于阅读。