一种简单易懂的保存秩序的方法:

function rename_array_key(array $array, $old_key, $new_key) {
  if (!array_key_exists($old_key, $array)) {
      return $array;
  }
  $new_array = [];
  foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
    $new_key = $old_key === $key
      ? $new_key
      : $key;
    $new_array[$new_key] = $value;
  }
  return $new_array;
}

嗯，我没有测试之前，但我认为这段代码工作

function replace_array_key($data) {
    $mapping = [
        'old_key_1' => 'new_key_1',
        'old_key_2' => 'new_key_2',
    ];

    $data = json_encode($data);
    foreach ($mapping as $needed => $replace) {
        $data = str_replace('"'.$needed.'":', '"'.$replace.'":', $data);
    }

    return json_decode($data, true);
}

如果你的数组是递归的，你可以使用这个函数: 测试此数据:

    $datos = array
    (
        '0' => array
            (
                'no' => 1,
                'id_maquina' => 1,
                'id_transaccion' => 1276316093,
                'ultimo_cambio' => 'asdfsaf',
                'fecha_ultimo_mantenimiento' => 1275804000,
                'mecanico_ultimo_mantenimiento' =>'asdfas',
                'fecha_ultima_reparacion' => 1275804000,
                'mecanico_ultima_reparacion' => 'sadfasf',
                'fecha_siguiente_mantenimiento' => 1275804000,
                'fecha_ultima_falla' => 0,
                'total_fallas' => 0,
            ),

        '1' => array
            (
                'no' => 2,
                'id_maquina' => 2,
                'id_transaccion' => 1276494575,
                'ultimo_cambio' => 'xx',
                'fecha_ultimo_mantenimiento' => 1275372000,
                'mecanico_ultimo_mantenimiento' => 'xx',
                'fecha_ultima_reparacion' => 1275458400,
                'mecanico_ultima_reparacion' => 'xx',
                'fecha_siguiente_mantenimiento' => 1275372000,
                'fecha_ultima_falla' => 0,
                'total_fallas' => 0,
            )
    );

函数如下:

function changekeyname($array, $newkey, $oldkey)
{
   foreach ($array as $key => $value) 
   {
      if (is_array($value))
         $array[$key] = changekeyname($value,$newkey,$oldkey);
      else
        {
             $array[$newkey] =  $array[$oldkey];    
        }

   }
   unset($array[$oldkey]);          
   return $array;   
}

$array = [
    'old1' => 1
    'old2' => 2
];

$renameMap = [
    'old1' => 'new1',   
    'old2' => 'new2'
];

$array = array_combine(array_map(function($el) use ($renameMap) {
    return $renameMap[$el];
}, array_keys($array)), array_values($array));

/*
$array = [
    'new1' => 1
    'new2' => 2
];
*/

如果你还想让新数组键的位置与旧数组键的位置相同，你可以这样做:

function change_array_key( $array, $old_key, $new_key) {
    if(!is_array($array)){ print 'You must enter a array as a haystack!'; exit; }
    if(!array_key_exists($old_key, $array)){
        return $array;
    }

    $key_pos = array_search($old_key, array_keys($array));
    $arr_before = array_slice($array, 0, $key_pos);
    $arr_after = array_slice($array, $key_pos + 1);
    $arr_renamed = array($new_key => $array[$old_key]);

    return $arr_before + $arr_renamed + $arr_after;
}

我喜欢KernelM的解决方案，但是我需要一些能够处理潜在的密钥冲突(新密钥可能与现有密钥匹配)的解决方案。以下是我想到的:

function swapKeys( &$arr, $origKey, $newKey, &$pendingKeys ) {
    if( !isset( $arr[$newKey] ) ) {
        $arr[$newKey] = $arr[$origKey];
        unset( $arr[$origKey] );
        if( isset( $pendingKeys[$origKey] ) ) {
            // recursion to handle conflicting keys with conflicting keys
            swapKeys( $arr, $pendingKeys[$origKey], $origKey, $pendingKeys );
            unset( $pendingKeys[$origKey] );
        }
    } elseif( $newKey != $origKey ) {
        $pendingKeys[$newKey] = $origKey;
    }
}

然后你可以像这样循环数组:

$myArray = array( '1970-01-01 00:00:01', '1970-01-01 00:01:00' );
$pendingKeys = array();
foreach( $myArray as $key => $myArrayValue ) {
    // NOTE: strtotime( '1970-01-01 00:00:01' ) = 1 (a conflicting key)
    $timestamp = strtotime( $myArrayValue );
    swapKeys( $myArray, $key, $timestamp, $pendingKeys );
}
// RESULT: $myArray == array( 1=>'1970-01-01 00:00:01', 60=>'1970-01-01 00:01:00' )