(编辑:以下内容适用于c#和类似的强类型编程语言。我不确定这是否对你有帮助)。

例如，在运行程序之前，编译器(在编译时)将检测到以下错误，并将导致编译错误:

int i = "string"; --> error at compile-time

另一方面，像下面这样的错误不能被编译器检测到。您将在运行时(当程序运行时)收到一个错误/异常。

Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("key", "string");
// the compiler does not know what is stored in the hashtable
// under the key "key"
int i = (int)ht["key"];  // --> exception at run-time

基本上，如果你的编译器能在“编译时”找出你的意思或一个值是什么，它就能硬编码到运行时代码中。显然，如果你的运行时代码每次都要进行计算，那么它会运行得更慢，所以如果你能在编译时确定一些东西，那就更好了。

Eg.

常数合并:

如果我这样写:

int i = 2;
i += MY_CONSTANT;

编译器可以在编译时执行这个计算，因为它知道2是什么，MY_CONSTANT是什么。因此，每次执行时，它都不必执行计算。

运行时是指在运行程序时发生的事情。

编译时是指在编译程序时发生的事情。

(编辑:以下内容适用于c#和类似的强类型编程语言。我不确定这是否对你有帮助)。

例如，在运行程序之前，编译器(在编译时)将检测到以下错误，并将导致编译错误:

int i = "string"; --> error at compile-time

另一方面，像下面这样的错误不能被编译器检测到。您将在运行时(当程序运行时)收到一个错误/异常。

Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
ht.Add("key", "string");
// the compiler does not know what is stored in the hashtable
// under the key "key"
int i = (int)ht["key"];  // --> exception at run-time

运行时和编译时的主要区别是:

如果代码中存在语法错误和类型检查，则抛出编译时错误，而-as运行时:它在执行代码后进行检查。 例如:

Int a = 1 Int b = a/0;

这里的第一行末尾没有分号——在执行操作b时执行程序后，>编译时错误，结果是无限的——>运行时错误。

编译时不会查找代码提供的功能的输出，而运行时则会。

Imagine that you are a boss and you have an assistant and a maid, and you give them a list of tasks to do, the assistant (compile time) will grab this list and make a checkup to see if the tasks are understandable and that you didn't write in any awkward language or syntax, so he understands that you want to assign someone for a Job so he assign him for you and he understand that you want some coffee, so his role is over and the maid (run time)starts to run those tasks so she goes to make you some coffee but in sudden she doesn’t find any coffee to make so she stops making it or she acts differently and make you some tea (when the program acts differently because he found an error).