有很多解释，但让它更简单。以List为例。可以使用as实现一个列表:

内部数组 链表 其他实现

通过构建一个接口，比如一个List。您只编写了List的定义或List在实际中的含义。

你可以在内部使用任何类型的实现比如数组实现。但是假设您希望由于某种原因(比如bug或性能)更改实现。然后你只需要改变声明List<String> ls = new ArrayList<String>()为List<String> ls = new LinkedList<String>()。

在代码的其他地方，你不需要改变任何东西;因为其他所有东西都建立在List的定义之上。

面向接口而不是实现的代码与Java无关，也与它的接口构造无关。

这个概念是在模式/四人帮的书中突出的，但很可能在那之前就已经存在了。这个概念在Java出现之前就已经存在了。

Java Interface构造的创建就是为了帮助实现这一想法(以及其他一些事情)，人们过于关注作为意义中心的构造，而不是最初的意图。然而，这也是为什么我们在Java、c++、c#等语言中有公共和私有方法和属性的原因。

It means just interact with an object or system's public interface. Don't worry or even anticipate how it does what it does internally. Don't worry about how it is implemented. In object-oriented code, it is why we have public vs. private methods/attributes. We are intended to use the public methods because the private methods are there only for use internally, within the class. They make up the implementation of the class and can be changed as required without changing the public interface. Assume that regarding functionality, a method on a class will perform the same operation with the same expected result every time you call it with the same parameters. It allows the author to change how the class works, its implementation, without breaking how people interact with it.

And you can program to the interface, not the implementation without ever using an Interface construct. You can program to the interface not the implementation in C++, which does not have an Interface construct. You can integrate two massive enterprise systems much more robustly as long as they interact through public interfaces (contracts) rather than calling methods on objects internal to the systems. The interfaces are expected to always react the same expected way given the same input parameters; if implemented to the interface and not the implementation. The concept works in many places.

不要认为Java接口与“面向接口编程，而不是面向实现”的概念有什么关系。它们可以帮助应用概念，但它们不是概念。

“编程到接口”意味着不要直接提供硬代码，这意味着你的代码应该在不破坏之前功能的情况下进行扩展。只是扩展，而不是编辑前面的代码。

If you program in Java, JDBC is a good example. JDBC defines a set of interfaces but says nothing about the implementation. Your applications can be written against this set of interfaces. In theory, you pick some JDBC driver and your application would just work. If you discover there's a faster or "better" or cheaper JDBC driver or for whatever reason, you can again in theory re-configure your property file, and without having to make any change in your application, your application would still work.

面向接口编程非常棒，它促进了松耦合。正如@lassevk提到的，控制反转是一个很好的应用。

此外，研究SOLID原则。这是一个系列视频

它通过硬编码(强耦合示例)，然后查看接口，最后进展到IoC/DI工具(NInject)。

为了补充现有的帖子，当开发人员同时在不同的组件上工作时，有时对接口进行编码有助于大型项目。您所需要做的就是预先定义接口并为它们编写代码，而其他开发人员则为您正在实现的接口编写代码。